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Biology MCQs

210 Questions Subject Test
Subject Preparation Guide

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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
Useful for academic exams, entry tests, FPSC, PPSC and general science preparation.
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101
Hard ppsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the primary greenhouse gas released during respiration?

  • A Oxygen
  • B Nitrogen
  • C Methane
  • D Carbon dioxide
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Carbon dioxide
Explanation: During cellular respiration, organisms break down glucose using oxygen and release carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. This gas is exhaled by animals and also released by plants during nighttime respiration processes.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
102
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?

  • A Ribosome
  • B Nucleus
  • C Mitochondria
  • D Golgi apparatus
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Correct Answer: Option A — Ribosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis where mRNA sequences are translated into chains of amino acids following the genetic code during translation.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
103
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which vitamin is essential for the clotting of blood?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin C
  • C Vitamin E
  • D Vitamin K
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Correct Answer: Option D — Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting as it activates several clotting factors in the coagulation cascade and its deficiency can lead to excessive bleeding.
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104
Medium pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for species that have adapted to survive in extremely harsh environments?

  • A Extremophiles
  • B Endemic species
  • C Invasive species
  • D Keystone species
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Correct Answer: Option A — Extremophiles
Explanation: Extremophiles are organisms adapted to thrive in extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures, acidity, or salinity. Examples include bacteria living near deep-sea hydrothermal vents and organisms surviving in highly acidic hot springs.
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105
Hard css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which type of white blood cell produces specific antibodies against antigens?

  • A Neutrophils
  • B B lymphocytes
  • C Monocytes
  • D Cytotoxic T cells
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Correct Answer: Option B — B lymphocytes
Explanation: B lymphocytes or B cells are white blood cells that when activated by an antigen differentiate into plasma cells that produce large quantities of specific antibodies for humoral immunity.
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106
Easy css Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which molecule carries genetic information in most organisms?

  • A RNA
  • B Protein
  • C Lipid
  • D DNA
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Correct Answer: Option D — DNA
Explanation: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores hereditary information in a double helix structure made of nucleotide bases. It is passed from parents to offspring and directs the synthesis of proteins through transcription and translation processes.
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107
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the term for the movement of substances from high concentration to low concentration without energy?

  • A Active transport
  • B Osmosis
  • C Endocytosis
  • D Diffusion
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Correct Answer: Option D — Diffusion
Explanation: Diffusion is the passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient without requiring cellular energy.
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108
Medium pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which structure in the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?

  • A Mitochondria
  • B Ribosome
  • C Golgi apparatus
  • D Lysosome
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Ribosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA. They can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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109
Medium css Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants?

  • A Photosynthesis
  • B Respiration
  • C Nitrogen fixation
  • D Transpiration
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Correct Answer: Option C — Nitrogen fixation
Explanation: Nitrogen fixation is carried out by certain bacteria that convert inert atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia or related compounds usable by plants. This process is essential for building proteins and nucleic acids in living organisms.
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110
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

How many kingdoms are in the traditional five-kingdom system of classification?

  • A Three
  • B Five
  • C Four
  • D Six
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Correct Answer: Option B — Five
Explanation: The traditional five-kingdom system classifies all life into Monera Protista Fungi Plantae and Animalia based on cell type nutrition mode and body organisation.
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111
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which disease results from the inability to produce or use insulin effectively?

  • A Diabetes mellitus
  • B Hypertension
  • C Anaemia
  • D Asthma
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Correct Answer: Option A — Diabetes mellitus
Explanation: Diabetes mellitus results from insufficient insulin production or ineffective insulin utilisation leading to persistently high blood glucose levels that can damage organs over time.
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112
Easy css Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for the process by which plants make their own food using light energy?

  • A Respiration
  • B Fermentation
  • C Photosynthesis
  • D Digestion
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. It occurs mainly in chloroplasts and sustains most life on Earth.
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113
Medium nts Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for organisms that can make their own food?

  • A Heterotrophs
  • B Autotrophs
  • C Decomposers
  • D Parasites
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Correct Answer: Option B — Autotrophs
Explanation: Autotrophs, such as green plants and some bacteria, synthesize their own organic compounds from inorganic substances using sunlight or chemical energy. They form the base of most food chains, supporting all other life forms.
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114
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which process converts mRNA information into a protein sequence at ribosomes?

  • A Transcription
  • B Translation
  • C Replication
  • D Transduction
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Correct Answer: Option B — Translation
Explanation: Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order to synthesise a specific protein using tRNA molecules.
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115
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which scientist is known as the Father of Genetics?

  • A Charles Darwin
  • B Gregor Mendel
  • C Louis Pasteur
  • D Aristotle
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Correct Answer: Option B — Gregor Mendel
Explanation: Gregor Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics for his pioneering experiments on pea plants in the 1860s that established the fundamental laws of heredity and trait inheritance.
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116
Medium fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for organisms that feed on both plants and animals?

  • A Herbivores
  • B Carnivores
  • C Decomposers
  • D Omnivores
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Correct Answer: Option D — Omnivores
Explanation: Omnivores consume both plant and animal matter, allowing dietary flexibility and adaptability to varying food availability. Humans, bears, and many bird species are examples of omnivores that thrive on diverse nutritional sources.
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117
Hard css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which process converts excess amino acids into urea in the liver for kidney excretion?

  • A Deamination
  • B Denaturation
  • C Gluconeogenesis
  • D Glycolysis
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Deamination
Explanation: Deamination occurs in liver cells where the amino group is removed from excess amino acids and converted into urea which is then excreted by the kidneys in urine.
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118
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which gas is released by organisms as a byproduct of cellular respiration?

  • A Carbon dioxide
  • B Oxygen
  • C Nitrogen
  • D Hydrogen
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Carbon dioxide is released as a byproduct of cellular respiration when glucose is broken down to produce ATP and must be exhaled by animals or used by plants in photosynthesis.
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119
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin C?

  • A Beriberi
  • B Pellagra
  • C Scurvy
  • D Rickets
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Scurvy
Explanation: Scurvy is caused by Vitamin C deficiency resulting in impaired collagen synthesis which leads to bleeding gums joint pain poor wound healing and weakness.
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120
Medium fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which gas do fish primarily extract from water using their gills?

  • A Oxygen
  • B Carbon dioxide
  • C Nitrogen
  • D Hydrogen
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Oxygen
Explanation: Fish gills contain thin filaments rich in blood vessels that extract dissolved oxygen from water as it passes over them. This efficient gas exchange system allows fish to respire underwater without surfacing for air.
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