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Biology MCQs

210 Questions Subject Test
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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
Useful for academic exams, entry tests, FPSC, PPSC and general science preparation.
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141
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What is the two-part Latin naming system for organisms called?

  • A Phylogenetic classification
  • B Binomial nomenclature
  • C Cladistics
  • D Linnaean classification
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Correct Answer: Option B — Binomial nomenclature
Explanation: Binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming organisms using two Latin words the genus name and the species name developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
142
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What is the chemical messenger secreted by endocrine glands into the bloodstream called?

  • A Hormone
  • B Enzyme
  • C Neurotransmitter
  • D Antibody
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Correct Answer: Option A — Hormone
Explanation: Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream and transported to target organs where they regulate physiological processes.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
143
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What is the term for the loss of water and electrolytes from the body?

  • A Osmosis
  • B Diffusion
  • C Homeostasis
  • D Dehydration
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Correct Answer: Option D — Dehydration
Explanation: Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, disrupting the balance of water and essential electrolytes. Severe dehydration can impair organ function and, if untreated, may become life-threatening.
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144
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Which part of the human brain controls balance and coordination?

  • A Cerebrum
  • B Medulla oblongata
  • C Cerebellum
  • D Hypothalamus
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Correct Answer: Option C — Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain, coordinates voluntary movements, posture, and balance. Damage to this region can result in unsteady gait, poor muscle coordination, and difficulty with fine motor tasks.
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145
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What is the term for a community of organisms interacting with their physical environment?

  • A Biome
  • B Population
  • C Ecosystem
  • D Community
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Correct Answer: Option C — Ecosystem
Explanation: An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms together with the physical environment in which they live including both biotic living and abiotic non-living components.
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146
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What is the process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight?

  • A Respiration
  • B Transpiration
  • C Photosynthesis
  • D Fermentation
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Correct Answer: Option C — Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen in chloroplasts through light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
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147
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Which part of a plant is primarily responsible for absorbing water from the soil?

  • A Stem
  • B Leaf
  • C Root
  • D Flower
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Correct Answer: Option C — Root
Explanation: Roots anchor plants in soil and absorb water and dissolved minerals through tiny root hairs that increase surface area. This absorbed water travels upward through xylem tissue to support photosynthesis and overall plant growth.
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148
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What is the term for the complete set of chromosomes in a cell of an organism?

  • A Genome
  • B Karyotype
  • C Phenotype
  • D Genotype
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Correct Answer: Option B — Karyotype
Explanation: A karyotype is the complete set of chromosomes in a cell of an organism arranged and displayed in homologous pairs and used to diagnose chromosomal disorders.
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149
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What is the term for proteins produced by B lymphocytes in response to specific antigens?

  • A Antigens
  • B Enzymes
  • C Hormones
  • D Antibodies
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Correct Answer: Option D — Antibodies
Explanation: Antibodies also called immunoglobulins are Y-shaped proteins produced by B lymphocytes that specifically bind to antigens neutralising pathogens and marking them for destruction.
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150
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What is the term for the group of hormone-secreting glands in the body?

  • A Digestive system
  • B Endocrine system
  • C Excretory system
  • D Lymphatic system
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Correct Answer: Option B — Endocrine system
Explanation: The endocrine system comprises glands including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones regulate vital processes such as growth, metabolism, mood, and reproductive functions.
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151
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What term describes two different species living together where both benefit?

  • A Parasitism
  • B Commensalism
  • C Predation
  • D Mutualism
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Correct Answer: Option D — Mutualism
Explanation: Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both interacting species gain benefits. A classic example is bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar, benefiting both the plant's reproduction and the bee's food supply simultaneously.
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152
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What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

  • A Protein synthesis
  • B Digestion of waste materials and cellular debris
  • C Energy production
  • D DNA storage
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Correct Answer: Option B — Digestion of waste materials and cellular debris
Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials damaged organelles and foreign substances through a process called autophagy.
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153
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Which scientist proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

  • A Gregor Mendel
  • B Louis Pasteur
  • C Charles Darwin
  • D Aristotle
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Correct Answer: Option C — Charles Darwin
Explanation: Charles Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species explaining how species change over generations through differential reproduction.
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154
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What is the term for the first stage of the water cycle where water changes to vapor?

  • A Evaporation
  • B Condensation
  • C Precipitation
  • D Infiltration
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Correct Answer: Option A — Evaporation
Explanation: Evaporation occurs when heat energy from the sun causes liquid water from oceans, lakes, and rivers to transform into water vapor, rising into the atmosphere and beginning the continuous cycling of Earth's water resources.
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155
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Which process by which bacteria take up free DNA from their environment was discovered by Griffith?

  • A Transformation
  • B Conjugation
  • C Transduction
  • D Translation
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Correct Answer: Option A — Transformation
Explanation: Transformation is the process by which bacteria take up and incorporate free DNA from their environment first demonstrated by Frederick Griffith in 1928 using Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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156
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What gas do plants absorb from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?

  • A Oxygen
  • B Nitrogen
  • C Carbon dioxide
  • D Hydrogen
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Correct Answer: Option C — Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Plants absorb carbon dioxide through tiny pores called stomata on their leaves. Using sunlight energy, they combine it with water to produce glucose and release oxygen as a byproduct, forming the basis of the food chain.
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157
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Which type of tissue in plants transports dissolved food from leaves to other parts?

  • A Phloem
  • B Cambium
  • C Xylem
  • D Epidermis
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Correct Answer: Option A — Phloem
Explanation: Phloem is the vascular tissue in plants responsible for transporting dissolved sugars and other organic compounds produced during photosynthesis from leaves to all parts of the plant.
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158
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Which vitamin is essential for proper blood clotting in the human body?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin K
  • C Vitamin B
  • D Vitamin E
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Correct Answer: Option B — Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K plays a critical role in synthesizing proteins required for blood clotting. A deficiency can lead to excessive bleeding and impaired wound healing, making adequate intake essential for maintaining healthy hemostasis.
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159
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Which type of immunity is provided by vaccination?

  • A Artificial active
  • B Natural active
  • C Natural passive
  • D Artificial passive
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Correct Answer: Option A — Artificial active
Explanation: Vaccination introduces a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen into the body, stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies without causing full-blown disease. This creates artificial active immunity, offering long-term protection against infections.
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160
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What is the process by which organisms adapt to extreme cold by entering a state of dormancy?

  • A Aestivation
  • B Migration
  • C Dormancy
  • D Hibernation
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Correct Answer: Option D — Hibernation
Explanation: Hibernation is a state of dormancy entered by some animals during cold winter months to conserve energy by lowering metabolic rate body temperature and heart rate.
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