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Biology MCQs

210 Questions Subject Test
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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
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Which gland is called the master gland of the endocrine system?

  • A Thyroid gland
  • B Pituitary gland
  • C Adrenal gland
  • D Pancreas
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Correct Answer: Option B — Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands including the thyroid adrenal and reproductive glands.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which scientist is credited with discovering the cell using a microscope?

  • A Robert Hooke
  • B Charles Darwin
  • C Gregor Mendel
  • D Louis Pasteur
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Correct Answer: Option A — Robert Hooke
Explanation: Robert Hooke first observed and named cells in 1665 while examining thin slices of cork under a microscope. His observations laid early groundwork for the eventual development of comprehensive cell theory in biology.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the powerhouse process that produces ATP called?

  • A Photosynthesis
  • B Fermentation
  • C Cellular respiration
  • D Osmosis
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Correct Answer: Option C — Cellular respiration
Explanation: Cellular respiration breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy stored as ATP. This process occurs primarily in mitochondria and is essential for powering nearly all cellular activities in organisms.
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Which molecule carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis?

  • A mRNA
  • B tRNA
  • C rRNA
  • D snRNA
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Correct Answer: Option A — mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA or mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it serves as a template for protein synthesis through translation.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
65
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which pigment in plants absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?

  • A Chlorophyll
  • B Melanin
  • C Haemoglobin
  • D Keratin
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Correct Answer: Option A — Chlorophyll
Explanation: Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight primarily in the red and blue wavelengths to drive the process of photosynthesis.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the study of interactions between organisms and their environment?

  • A Ecology
  • B Genetics
  • C Taxonomy
  • D Physiology
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Correct Answer: Option A — Ecology
Explanation: Ecology examines how living organisms interact with each other and their physical surroundings, including energy flow, nutrient cycles, and population dynamics. It helps scientists understand ecosystem health and the impacts of environmental change.
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Which chromosomal disorder is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

  • A Turner syndrome
  • B Down syndrome
  • C Klinefelter syndrome
  • D Patau syndrome
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Correct Answer: Option B — Down syndrome
Explanation: Down syndrome also called trisomy 21 is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 resulting in intellectual disability and characteristic physical features.
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Which vitamin is essential for the formation of collagen and acts as an antioxidant?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin C
  • C Vitamin D
  • D Vitamin K
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Correct Answer: Option B — Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis acting as a cofactor for enzymes that stabilise the collagen triple helix and its deficiency causes scurvy.
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Which type of teeth are primarily used for tearing meat in carnivorous animals?

  • A Incisors
  • B Molars
  • C Premolars
  • D Canines
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Correct Answer: Option D — Canines
Explanation: Canine teeth are pointed and elongated, specially adapted for gripping and tearing flesh in carnivorous animals. Their sharp structure allows effective puncturing and ripping of meat, distinguishing them from flat grinding molars.
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Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch?

  • A Pepsin
  • B Amylase
  • C Lipase
  • D Trypsin
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Correct Answer: Option B — Amylase
Explanation: Salivary amylase begins breaking down starch molecules into simpler sugars while food is still being chewed in the mouth. This initial digestion continues briefly in the stomach until stomach acid deactivates the enzyme.
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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of reproduction in bacteria involves the cell splitting into two equal daughter cells?

  • A Budding
  • B Binary fission
  • C Fragmentation
  • D Sporulation
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Correct Answer: Option B — Binary fission
Explanation: Binary fission is the primary method of asexual reproduction in bacteria where a single cell replicates its DNA and divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
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What is the process by which species change over time through natural selection?

  • A Adaptation
  • B Evolution
  • C Mutation
  • D Speciation
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Correct Answer: Option B — Evolution
Explanation: Evolution is the process by which populations of organisms change over successive generations through natural selection mutation genetic drift and gene flow.
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Medium nts Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which type of joint allows the widest range of movement in the human body?

  • A Ball and socket joint
  • B Hinge joint
  • C Pivot joint
  • D Fixed joint
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Correct Answer: Option A — Ball and socket joint
Explanation: Ball and socket joints, found in the shoulder and hip, allow rotational movement in nearly all directions due to their spherical structure fitting into a cup-shaped socket, providing exceptional flexibility compared to other joint types.
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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control and attached to bones to enable movement?

  • A Cardiac muscle
  • B Skeletal muscle
  • C Smooth muscle
  • D Involuntary muscle
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Correct Answer: Option B — Skeletal muscle
Explanation: Skeletal muscle also called striated or voluntary muscle is attached to bones via tendons and is under conscious control enabling all voluntary body movements and locomotion.
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Which blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting infection?

  • A Red blood cells
  • B Platelets
  • C White blood cells
  • D Plasma cells
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Correct Answer: Option C — White blood cells
Explanation: White blood cells, or leukocytes, form part of the immune system and defend the body against pathogens like bacteria and viruses. They identify and destroy foreign invaders, playing a crucial role in disease resistance.
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What is the term for the bending of a plant toward light called?

  • A Geotropism
  • B Phototropism
  • C Hydrotropism
  • D Thigmotropism
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Correct Answer: Option B — Phototropism
Explanation: Phototropism is the growth response of a plant toward a light source caused by unequal distribution of auxin making cells on the shaded side elongate more than those on the lit side.
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What is the term for the division of the cell nucleus that results in two genetically identical daughter cells?

  • A Meiosis
  • B Fertilization
  • C Fission
  • D Mitosis
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Correct Answer: Option D — Mitosis
Explanation: Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell, essential for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in many organisms across the biological world.
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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which scientist is known as the Father of Biology?

  • A Charles Darwin
  • B Gregor Mendel
  • C Aristotle
  • D Louis Pasteur
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Correct Answer: Option C — Aristotle
Explanation: Aristotle is widely regarded as the Father of Biology for his systematic study and classification of living organisms in ancient Greece making him the first to create a scientific framework for biology.
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What is the term for the total genetic material present in an organism?

  • A Genotype
  • B Genome
  • C Phenotype
  • D Karyotype
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Correct Answer: Option B — Genome
Explanation: The genome comprises all the genetic material, including genes and non-coding sequences, found within an organism's cells. Mapping genomes, such as the Human Genome Project, has advanced understanding of genetic diseases and biological functions.
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What is the process by which organisms survive extreme heat and drought by entering a dormant state?

  • A Aestivation
  • B Hibernation
  • C Migration
  • D Dormancy only
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Correct Answer: Option A — Aestivation
Explanation: Aestivation is a state of dormancy similar to hibernation but entered during hot and dry summer conditions by animals like lungfish snails and some amphibians to prevent dehydration.
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