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Biology MCQs

210 Questions Subject Test
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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
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Which branch of biology deals with the study of viruses?

  • A Bacteriology
  • B Mycology
  • C Parasitology
  • D Virology
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Correct Answer: Option D — Virology
Explanation: Virology is the branch of biology that studies viruses including their structure classification evolution mechanisms of infection and methods of control.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
162
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What is the term for genetically identical offspring produced through asexual reproduction?

  • A Hybrids
  • B Mutants
  • C Clones
  • D Variants
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Correct Answer: Option C — Clones
Explanation: Clones are genetically identical organisms produced through asexual reproduction methods such as budding, fragmentation, or vegetative propagation. Since no genetic mixing occurs, offspring share identical DNA with their single parent organism.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
163
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What is the term for the variety of life in a particular habitat?

  • A Population
  • B Ecosystem
  • C Community
  • D Biodiversity
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Correct Answer: Option D — Biodiversity
Explanation: Biodiversity refers to the range of species, genetic variation, and ecosystems present in a given area. High biodiversity contributes to ecosystem stability and resilience, providing essential services like pollination, water purification, and climate regulation.
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164
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What is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic material through direct contact?

  • A Transformation
  • B Transduction
  • C Conjugation
  • D Replication
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Correct Answer: Option C — Conjugation
Explanation: Conjugation is the process by which bacteria transfer genetic material including plasmids through direct physical contact via a structure called a pilus contributing to antibiotic resistance spread.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
165
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What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

  • A Phenotype
  • B Karyotype
  • C Genotype
  • D Genome
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Correct Answer: Option C — Genotype
Explanation: Genotype refers to the complete set of genetic information or alleles present in an organism that determines its inherited traits and potential phenotypic characteristics.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
166
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What is the term for the process by which cells divide to form gametes?

  • A Meiosis
  • B Mitosis
  • C Binary fission
  • D Budding
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Correct Answer: Option A — Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that produces gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. This reduction ensures that offspring receive the correct chromosome number after fertilization occurs.
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167
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What is the role of helper T cells in coordinating the immune response?

  • A Producing antibodies directly
  • B Destroying infected cells
  • C Activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells
  • D Engulfing pathogens
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Correct Answer: Option C — Activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells
Explanation: Helper T cells also called CD4 T cells coordinate the immune response by releasing cytokines that activate B cells to produce antibodies and stimulate cytotoxic T cells to destroy infected cells.
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168
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What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration of blood?

  • A Glomerulus
  • B Loop of Henle
  • C Bowman's capsule
  • D Nephron
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Correct Answer: Option D — Nephron
Explanation: The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood regulating water and electrolyte balance and producing urine.
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169
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Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for stem elongation and phototropism?

  • A Cytokinin
  • B Gibberellin
  • C Ethylene
  • D Auxin
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Correct Answer: Option D — Auxin
Explanation: Auxin is a plant hormone that regulates growth by promoting cell elongation, particularly in stems. It also controls phototropism, causing plants to bend toward light sources by stimulating faster growth on the shaded side.
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170
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Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering it?

  • A Retina
  • B Iris
  • C Cornea
  • D Lens
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Correct Answer: Option B — Iris
Explanation: The iris is the colored, muscular part of the eye that adjusts the size of the pupil to regulate light entry. It contracts in bright light and dilates in dim conditions to optimize vision.
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171
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Which type of organisms break down dead organic matter into simpler inorganic substances?

  • A Producers
  • B Decomposers
  • C Consumers
  • D Omnivores
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Correct Answer: Option B — Decomposers
Explanation: Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter into simpler inorganic substances recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem for use by producers.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
172
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Which part of the human brain is responsible for voluntary movement and higher cognitive functions?

  • A Cerebellum
  • B Medulla oblongata
  • C Cerebrum
  • D Hypothalamus
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Correct Answer: Option C — Cerebrum
Explanation: The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain responsible for voluntary movement perception memory language reasoning and other higher cognitive functions.
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173
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Which part of the respiratory system is the primary site of gas exchange?

  • A Alveoli
  • B Trachea
  • C Bronchi
  • D Larynx
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Correct Answer: Option A — Alveoli
Explanation: Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled air sacs in the lungs where oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses out. Their vast surface area and thin walls maximize efficient gas exchange.
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174
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Which gland is known as the master gland of the endocrine system?

  • A Thyroid
  • B Adrenal
  • C Pancreas
  • D Pituitary
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Correct Answer: Option D — Pituitary
Explanation: The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, regulates other endocrine glands by secreting hormones that control growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Its central regulatory role earns it the title of master gland.
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175
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What is the term for an interconnected network of food chains in an ecosystem?

  • A Pyramid of biomass
  • B Trophic level
  • C Food web
  • D Food chain
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Correct Answer: Option C — Food web
Explanation: A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem representing the multiple feeding relationships and energy pathways between organisms.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
176
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Which type of cell division produces gametes with half the chromosome number?

  • A Budding
  • B Meiosis
  • C Mitosis
  • D Binary fission
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces four genetically diverse gametes each containing half the chromosome number of the parent cell ensuring genetic diversity in sexual reproduction.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
177
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What is the term for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes?

  • A Crossing over
  • B Mutation
  • C Duplication
  • D Translocation
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Crossing over
Explanation: Crossing over occurs during meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange segments of genetic material. This process increases genetic diversity among offspring, contributing to the variation necessary for evolution and adaptation within populations.
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178
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What term describes the specific molecule an enzyme acts upon?

  • A Substrate
  • B Product
  • C Cofactor
  • D Coenzyme
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Correct Answer: Option A — Substrate
Explanation: The substrate is the specific molecule upon which an enzyme acts binding at the active site to form an enzyme-substrate complex and being converted into products.
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179
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What is the process by which white blood cells engulf and digest bacteria and foreign particles?

  • A Phagocytosis
  • B Endocytosis
  • C Osmosis
  • D Pinocytosis
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Correct Answer: Option A — Phagocytosis
Explanation: Phagocytosis is the process by which phagocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages engulf and digest bacteria foreign particles and dead cells protecting the body from infection.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
180
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Which organ in the human body is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?

  • A Kidney
  • B Spleen
  • C Pancreas
  • D Liver
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Correct Answer: Option D — Liver
Explanation: The liver plays a central role in detoxifying harmful substances, metabolizing drugs, and breaking down toxins from the bloodstream. It also produces bile for fat digestion and stores essential vitamins and glycogen reserves.
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