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Biology MCQs

20 Questions Subject Test
Subject Preparation Guide

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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
Useful for academic exams, entry tests, FPSC, PPSC and general science preparation.
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1
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Which organ produces insulin to regulate blood sugar levels?

  • A Liver
  • B Kidney
  • C Pancreas
  • D Spleen
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Pancreas
Explanation: The pancreas contains specialized cells called islets of Langerhans that produce insulin, a hormone regulating blood glucose levels. Insufficient insulin production or resistance to it leads to diabetes, a widespread metabolic disorder worldwide.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
2
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Photosynthesis primarily occurs in which part of a plant cell?

  • A Chloroplast
  • B Mitochondria
  • C Nucleus
  • D Vacuole
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Chloroplast
Explanation: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures sunlight energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process sustains plant growth and supplies oxygen essential for most life on Earth.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
3
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What is the term for the sequence of organisms through which energy flows in an ecosystem?

  • A Food web
  • B Trophic level
  • C Biomass pyramid
  • D Food chain
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Correct Answer: Option D — Food chain
Explanation: A food chain represents a linear sequence showing how energy and nutrients pass from one organism to another, starting with producers and moving through various levels of consumers, ending typically with decomposers.
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4
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Which system in the human body is responsible for movement and support?

  • A Digestive system
  • B Circulatory system
  • C Nervous system
  • D Skeletal and muscular system
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Correct Answer: Option D — Skeletal and muscular system
Explanation: The skeletal and muscular systems work together to provide structural support, protect internal organs, and enable body movement. Bones give the body its framework while muscles contract to produce coordinated motion at various joints.
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5
Easy pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

The human heart has how many chambers?

  • A Four
  • B Two
  • C Three
  • D Five
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Four
Explanation: The human heart contains four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. This structure allows separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, enabling efficient double circulation between the lungs and the rest of the body.
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6
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Which hormone regulates the body's metabolic rate?

  • A Insulin
  • B Thyroxine
  • C Adrenaline
  • D Estrogen
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Correct Answer: Option B — Thyroxine
Explanation: Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism by controlling how quickly cells use energy and produce heat. Imbalances in thyroxine levels can cause conditions such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, affecting overall body function.
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7
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What is the term for the process of shedding an outer layer of skin, exoskeleton, or other covering?

  • A Metamorphosis
  • B Regeneration
  • C Hibernation
  • D Molting
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Correct Answer: Option D — Molting
Explanation: Molting is the periodic shedding of an outer covering such as skin, feathers, fur, or an exoskeleton, allowing organisms like insects, reptiles, and birds to grow, replace damaged structures, or adapt to seasonal changes.
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8
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What is the term for the study of interactions between organisms and their environment?

  • A Ecology
  • B Genetics
  • C Taxonomy
  • D Physiology
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Correct Answer: Option A — Ecology
Explanation: Ecology examines how living organisms interact with each other and their physical surroundings, including energy flow, nutrient cycles, and population dynamics. It helps scientists understand ecosystem health and the impacts of environmental change.
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9
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Which type of teeth are primarily used for tearing meat in carnivorous animals?

  • A Incisors
  • B Molars
  • C Premolars
  • D Canines
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Correct Answer: Option D — Canines
Explanation: Canine teeth are pointed and elongated, specially adapted for gripping and tearing flesh in carnivorous animals. Their sharp structure allows effective puncturing and ripping of meat, distinguishing them from flat grinding molars.
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10
Medium pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which vitamin deficiency causes the disease scurvy?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin B12
  • C Vitamin C
  • D Vitamin D
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Correct Answer: Option C — Vitamin C
Explanation: Scurvy results from a prolonged deficiency of Vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis and wound healing. Symptoms include bleeding gums, joint pain, and fatigue, historically common among sailors on long voyages.
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11
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What is the term for the maximum population size an environment can sustainably support?

  • A Carrying capacity
  • B Population density
  • C Biomass
  • D Growth rate
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Correct Answer: Option A — Carrying capacity
Explanation: Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can support indefinitely given available resources such as food, water, and space, without causing long-term ecological degradation or collapse.
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12
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What is the term for species that have adapted to survive in extremely harsh environments?

  • A Extremophiles
  • B Endemic species
  • C Invasive species
  • D Keystone species
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Correct Answer: Option A — Extremophiles
Explanation: Extremophiles are organisms adapted to thrive in extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures, acidity, or salinity. Examples include bacteria living near deep-sea hydrothermal vents and organisms surviving in highly acidic hot springs.
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13
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Which structure in the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?

  • A Mitochondria
  • B Ribosome
  • C Golgi apparatus
  • D Lysosome
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Correct Answer: Option B — Ribosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA. They can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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14
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Which reproductive method involves the fusion of male and female gametes?

  • A Asexual reproduction
  • B Budding
  • C Sexual reproduction
  • D Binary fission
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Correct Answer: Option C — Sexual reproduction
Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female gametes, combining genetic material from two parents to produce offspring with genetic variation. This process increases diversity, aiding species adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
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15
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What is the term for a genetically determined characteristic passed from parent to offspring?

  • A Trait
  • B Mutation
  • C Phenotype
  • D Adaptation
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Correct Answer: Option A — Trait
Explanation: A trait is a specific genetically determined characteristic, such as eye color or height, inherited from one or both parents. Traits are governed by genes located on chromosomes and can be dominant or recessive.
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16
Hard pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for the loss of water and electrolytes from the body?

  • A Osmosis
  • B Diffusion
  • C Homeostasis
  • D Dehydration
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Dehydration
Explanation: Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, disrupting the balance of water and essential electrolytes. Severe dehydration can impair organ function and, if untreated, may become life-threatening.
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17
Medium pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which part of the human brain controls balance and coordination?

  • A Cerebrum
  • B Medulla oblongata
  • C Cerebellum
  • D Hypothalamus
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain, coordinates voluntary movements, posture, and balance. Damage to this region can result in unsteady gait, poor muscle coordination, and difficulty with fine motor tasks.
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18
Medium pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for the variety of life in a particular habitat?

  • A Population
  • B Ecosystem
  • C Community
  • D Biodiversity
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Biodiversity
Explanation: Biodiversity refers to the range of species, genetic variation, and ecosystems present in a given area. High biodiversity contributes to ecosystem stability and resilience, providing essential services like pollination, water purification, and climate regulation.
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19
Medium pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which structure in plant cells is responsible for storing water and maintaining turgor pressure?

  • A Chloroplast
  • B Nucleus
  • C Mitochondria
  • D Vacuole
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Vacuole
Explanation: The central vacuole in plant cells stores water, nutrients, and waste products while maintaining internal pressure against the cell wall. This turgor pressure keeps plant tissues rigid and helps support the overall plant structure.
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20
Easy pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for the smallest unit of heredity that determines a trait?

  • A Chromosome
  • B Allele
  • C Genome
  • D Gene
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Gene
Explanation: A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait. Genes are located on chromosomes and are inherited from parents, determining characteristics ranging from eye color to disease susceptibility.
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