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Biology MCQs

210 Questions Subject Test
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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
Useful for academic exams, entry tests, FPSC, PPSC and general science preparation.
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201
Easy pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for the smallest unit of heredity that determines a trait?

  • A Chromosome
  • B Allele
  • C Genome
  • D Gene
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Correct Answer: Option D — Gene
Explanation: A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait. Genes are located on chromosomes and are inherited from parents, determining characteristics ranging from eye color to disease susceptibility.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
202
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the term for the variety of different species present in a given habitat?

  • A Genetic diversity
  • B Species diversity
  • C Ecosystem diversity
  • D Biodiversity
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Correct Answer: Option B — Species diversity
Explanation: Species diversity refers to the number and relative abundance of different species present in a given habitat and is an important measure of the biodiversity of an ecosystem.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
203
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of reproduction involves only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring?

  • A Sexual reproduction
  • B Budding only
  • C Cross-pollination
  • D Asexual reproduction
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Correct Answer: Option D — Asexual reproduction
Explanation: Asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring through processes such as binary fission budding fragmentation or vegetative propagation.
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204
Medium css Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for a substance that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms?

  • A Enzyme
  • B Hormone
  • C Vitamin
  • D Antibody
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Correct Answer: Option A — Enzyme
Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts, mostly proteins, that speed up specific chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy required for reactions, enabling essential metabolic processes to occur efficiently.
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205
Easy nts Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the process by which plants lose water through leaves called?

  • A Transpiration
  • B Respiration
  • C Photosynthesis
  • D Osmosis
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Correct Answer: Option A — Transpiration
Explanation: Transpiration is the evaporation of water vapor from plant leaves through stomata. It helps regulate plant temperature, transports nutrients from roots to leaves, and maintains the water balance necessary for healthy plant growth.
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206
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the term for the growth of plant roots downward in response to gravity?

  • A Phototropism
  • B Geotropism
  • C Hydrotropism
  • D Thigmotropism
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Correct Answer: Option B — Geotropism
Explanation: Geotropism is the directional growth response of plant roots toward the pull of gravity ensuring they penetrate the soil to anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients.
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207
Hard css Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which organ system includes the lungs and is responsible for gas exchange?

  • A Respiratory system
  • B Circulatory system
  • C Digestive system
  • D Nervous system
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Correct Answer: Option A — Respiratory system
Explanation: The respiratory system, including the lungs, trachea, and bronchi, facilitates the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the atmosphere, supplying oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removing waste gas.
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208
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

  • A Tissue
  • B Organ
  • C Nucleus
  • D Cell
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Correct Answer: Option D — Cell
Explanation: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms as proposed in the cell theory formulated by Schleiden Schwann and Virchow in the 19th century.
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209
Hard nts Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which muscle type is found in the walls of internal organs and is involuntary?

  • A Smooth muscle
  • B Skeletal muscle
  • C Cardiac muscle
  • D Striated muscle
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Correct Answer: Option A — Smooth muscle
Explanation: Smooth muscle lines the walls of internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. Unlike skeletal muscle, it contracts involuntarily and rhythmically, controlling processes like digestion and blood vessel diameter regulation.
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210
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of disease is caused by a deficiency of essential nutrients in the diet?

  • A Communicable disease
  • B Hereditary disease
  • C Autoimmune disease
  • D Deficiency disease
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Correct Answer: Option D — Deficiency disease
Explanation: Deficiency diseases result from the lack of essential nutrients in the diet such as vitamins and minerals causing conditions like scurvy rickets anaemia and goitre.
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