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Biology Hard CSS FPSC Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic material through direct contact?

  • A Transformation
  • B Transduction
  • C Conjugation
  • D Replication
Correct Answer: Option C — Conjugation
Explanation:
Conjugation is the process by which bacteria transfer genetic material including plasmids through direct physical contact via a structure called a pilus contributing to antibiotic resistance spread.
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