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Chemistry MCQs

235 Questions Subject Test
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Practice the essential concepts of matter, atomic structure, chemical reactions, bonding and everyday applications of chemistry.

Atomic StructureChemical BondingReactionsOrganic Chemistry
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101
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What is an isotope?

  • A Atoms of different elements with the same mass
  • B Atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons
  • C Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different neutrons
  • D Atoms of different elements with the same electrons
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Correct Answer: Option C — Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different neutrons
Explanation: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons resulting in different mass numbers but similar chemical properties.
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102
Medium css Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the pH range of a strong acid?

  • A 11-14
  • B 4-6
  • C 7
  • D 0-3
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Correct Answer: Option D — 0-3
Explanation: Strong acids typically have a pH range of 0 to 3, indicating a high concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. Examples include hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, which fully dissociate in water.
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103
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What is the molecular formula of methane?

  • A CH2
  • B CH3
  • C CH4
  • D C2H6
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Correct Answer: Option C — CH4
Explanation: Methane has the molecular formula CH4, consisting of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is the simplest hydrocarbon and the primary component of natural gas used as a fuel source worldwide.
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104
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Which type of reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution?

  • A Decomposition
  • B Neutralisation
  • C Combustion
  • D Displacement
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Correct Answer: Option D — Displacement
Explanation: Displacement reactions occur when a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution as seen when iron displaces copper from copper sulfate solution.
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105
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What type of reaction is photosynthesis classified as?

  • A Combustion
  • B Exothermic
  • C Endothermic
  • D Redox only
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Correct Answer: Option C — Endothermic
Explanation: Photosynthesis is classified as an endothermic reaction because it absorbs energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This stored chemical energy is later released during respiration.
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106
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Which law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction?

  • A Law of Definite Proportions
  • B Law of Multiple Proportions
  • C Law of Conservation of Mass
  • D Law of Combining Volumes
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Correct Answer: Option C — Law of Conservation of Mass
Explanation: The Law of Conservation of Mass proposed by Lavoisier states that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in any chemical reaction.
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107
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Which type of chemical bond involves atoms sharing electrons unequally due to difference in electronegativity?

  • A Non-polar covalent bond
  • B Polar covalent bond
  • C Metallic bond
  • D Ionic bond
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Correct Answer: Option B — Polar covalent bond
Explanation: A polar covalent bond forms when electrons are shared unequally between atoms of different electronegativities creating partial positive and negative charges on the molecule as in water.
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108
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the process by which plants use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose using sunlight?

  • A Respiration
  • B Transpiration
  • C Photosynthesis
  • D Decomposition
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Correct Answer: Option C — Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen in the chloroplasts of plant cells following the equation 6CO2 plus 6H2O giving C6H12O6 plus 6O2.
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109
Hard ppsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the molar mass of water approximately?

  • A 16 g/mol
  • B 20 g/mol
  • C 18 g/mol
  • D 22 g/mol
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Correct Answer: Option C — 18 g/mol
Explanation: Water has a molar mass of approximately 18 grams per mole, calculated by adding the atomic masses of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. This value is fundamental in stoichiometric calculations involving water.
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110
Easy ppsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which reaction type involves the combination of two or more substances to form a single product?

  • A Decomposition reaction
  • B Combination reaction
  • C Displacement reaction
  • D Double displacement reaction
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Correct Answer: Option B — Combination reaction
Explanation: A combination reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single new product. A common example is the formation of water from the combination of hydrogen and oxygen gases under appropriate conditions.
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111
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Which chemical process converts vegetable oils into solid fats by adding hydrogen gas?

  • A Saponification
  • B Hydrogenation
  • C Esterification
  • D Fermentation
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Correct Answer: Option B — Hydrogenation
Explanation: Hydrogenation adds hydrogen gas to unsaturated vegetable oils in the presence of a nickel catalyst converting carbon-to-carbon double bonds to single bonds producing solid margarine.
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112
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which acid is used in car batteries as the electrolyte?

  • A Sulfuric acid
  • B Hydrochloric acid
  • C Nitric acid
  • D Acetic acid
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Correct Answer: Option A — Sulfuric acid
Explanation: Sulfuric acid H2SO4 is used as the electrolyte in lead-acid car batteries where it facilitates the electrochemical reactions between lead electrodes to store and release electrical energy.
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113
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Which of the following is a strong base?

  • A Acetic acid
  • B Carbonic acid
  • C Ammonia
  • D Sodium hydroxide
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Correct Answer: Option D — Sodium hydroxide
Explanation: Sodium hydroxide is classified as a strong base because it completely dissociates in water to release hydroxide ions. It is widely used in soap manufacturing, drain cleaners, and various industrial chemical processes.
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114
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Which process separates a mixture of liquids based on their different boiling points?

  • A Distillation
  • B Filtration
  • C Crystallisation
  • D Chromatography
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Correct Answer: Option A — Distillation
Explanation: Distillation separates mixtures of liquids with different boiling points by heating the mixture and selectively condensing and collecting vapours of the lower boiling point component.
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115
Easy fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the formula for table salt?

  • A NaCl
  • B KCl
  • C CaCl2
  • D MgCl2
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Correct Answer: Option A — NaCl
Explanation: Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, with the formula NaCl. It forms through an ionic bond between a sodium cation and a chloride anion, and is essential for various biological and industrial processes.
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116
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Which gas is primarily responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?

  • A Carbon dioxide
  • B Chlorofluorocarbons
  • C Methane
  • D Nitrogen
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Correct Answer: Option B — Chlorofluorocarbons
Explanation: Chlorofluorocarbons, commonly known as CFCs, are primarily responsible for ozone layer depletion. When exposed to UV radiation, they release chlorine atoms that catalytically destroy ozone molecules in the stratosphere over time.
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117
Hard css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of isomerism involves compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements?

  • A Structural isomerism
  • B Optical isomerism
  • C Geometric isomerism
  • D Dynamic isomerism
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Correct Answer: Option A — Structural isomerism
Explanation: Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different connectivity of atoms leading to different structural arrangements and distinct physical and chemical properties.
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118
Medium fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which of the following describes an exothermic reaction?

  • A Absorbs heat from surroundings
  • B Requires constant cooling
  • C No change in temperature
  • D Releases heat to surroundings
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Correct Answer: Option D — Releases heat to surroundings
Explanation: An exothermic reaction releases heat energy to its surroundings, often resulting in a temperature increase. Common examples include combustion reactions and the setting of concrete, both of which release energy as products form.
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119
Easy nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the common name for sodium hydroxide?

  • A Lime
  • B Baking soda
  • C Caustic soda
  • D Washing soda
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Correct Answer: Option C — Caustic soda
Explanation: Sodium hydroxide is commonly known as caustic soda, a strong base widely used in soap making, paper production, and industrial cleaning. It is highly corrosive and must be handled with appropriate safety precautions.
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120
Easy ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical symbol for water?

  • A H2
  • B HO2
  • C H3O
  • D H2O
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Correct Answer: Option D — H2O
Explanation: Water has the chemical formula H2O consisting of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom through covalent bonds forming a polar molecule.
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