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Chemistry MCQs

69 Questions Subject Test
Subject Preparation Guide

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Practice the essential concepts of matter, atomic structure, chemical reactions, bonding and everyday applications of chemistry.

Atomic StructureChemical BondingReactionsOrganic Chemistry
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1
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Which process is used to separate crude oil into useful fractions based on different boiling points?

  • A Fractional distillation
  • B Chromatography
  • C Crystallisation
  • D Filtration
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Correct Answer: Option A — Fractional distillation
Explanation: Fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions with different boiling points in a fractionating column producing petrol kerosene diesel lubricating oil and bitumen.
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2
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Which isotope of carbon is used in radiocarbon dating?

  • A Carbon-12
  • B Carbon-13
  • C Carbon-11
  • D Carbon-14
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Correct Answer: Option D — Carbon-14
Explanation: Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in radiocarbon dating of organic materials because it decays at a known rate allowing scientists to estimate the age of ancient samples.
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3
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Which scientific law states that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules?

  • A Boyle's Law
  • B Gay-Lussac's Law
  • C Avogadro's Law
  • D Charles's Law
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Correct Answer: Option C — Avogadro's Law
Explanation: Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules regardless of the nature of the gas.
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4
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Which element is essential for the structure of DNA and RNA molecules alongside carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen?

  • A Sulfur
  • B Calcium
  • C Iron
  • D Phosphorus
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Correct Answer: Option D — Phosphorus
Explanation: Phosphorus is a key element in DNA and RNA molecules forming the phosphate backbone of the double helix structure and is also essential in ATP the cell's energy currency.
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5
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Which of the following is an alkali metal?

  • A Potassium
  • B Calcium
  • C Magnesium
  • D Aluminum
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Correct Answer: Option A — Potassium
Explanation: Potassium is an alkali metal found in group 1 of the periodic table. Alkali metals are highly reactive, soft, and have a single electron in their outer shell, which they readily lose to form positive ions.
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6
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Which element has the highest electronegativity of all elements on the Pauling scale?

  • A Fluorine
  • B Oxygen
  • C Chlorine
  • D Nitrogen
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Correct Answer: Option A — Fluorine
Explanation: Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all elements at 3.98 on the Pauling scale due to its small atomic size and high effective nuclear charge attracting bonding electrons most strongly.
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7
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What is the chemical name for rust?

  • A Iron nitrate
  • B Iron sulfide
  • C Iron carbonate
  • D Iron oxide
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Correct Answer: Option D — Iron oxide
Explanation: Rust is chemically known as iron oxide, formed when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture in the air over time. This process, called oxidation, weakens the structural integrity of iron and steel objects.
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8
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Which element in Group 1 of the periodic table reacts most vigorously with water?

  • A Lithium
  • B Sodium
  • C Caesium
  • D Potassium
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Correct Answer: Option C — Caesium
Explanation: Caesium the heaviest stable Group 1 alkali metal reacts most vigorously with water due to its large atomic radius and low ionisation energy resulting in an explosive reaction.
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9
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Which synthetic polymer was the first to be produced commercially and is used to make electrical fittings?

  • A Nylon
  • B PVC
  • C Bakelite
  • D Polythene
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Correct Answer: Option C — Bakelite
Explanation: Bakelite was the first commercially produced synthetic polymer made from phenol and formaldehyde in 1907 and is used in electrical fittings phone casings and kitchenware.
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10
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What is the strongest type of intermolecular force?

  • A Van der Waals forces
  • B Dipole-dipole forces
  • C Hydrogen bonding
  • D London dispersion forces
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Correct Answer: Option C — Hydrogen bonding
Explanation: Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force, occurring when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. It significantly affects boiling points and solubility of compounds.
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11
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What is the term used for the study of heat changes in chemical reactions?

  • A Electrochemistry
  • B Thermochemistry
  • C Photochemistry
  • D Stoichiometry
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Correct Answer: Option B — Thermochemistry
Explanation: Thermochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the heat energy associated with chemical reactions and physical transformations. It helps determine whether reactions are exothermic or endothermic based on enthalpy changes.
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12
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What is Avogadro's number approximately equal to?

  • A 9.8 x 10^23
  • B 3.14 x 10^23
  • C 6.022 x 10^23
  • D 1.6 x 10^23
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Correct Answer: Option C — 6.022 x 10^23
Explanation: Avogadro's number, approximately 6.022 x 10^23, represents the number of particles in one mole of a substance. It is a fundamental constant used to convert between the atomic scale and macroscopic quantities in chemistry.
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13
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Which law states that gases combine in simple whole number ratios by volume at the same temperature and pressure?

  • A Gay-Lussac's Law
  • B Boyle's Law
  • C Charles's Law
  • D Avogadro's Law
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Gay-Lussac's Law
Explanation: Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes states that gases react in simple whole number ratios by volume at constant temperature and pressure providing evidence for atomic theory.
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14
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Which of these is a strong base?

  • A Sodium hydroxide
  • B Ammonia
  • C Acetic acid
  • D Carbonic acid
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Correct Answer: Option A — Sodium hydroxide
Explanation: Sodium hydroxide is a strong base that fully dissociates in water to release hydroxide ions. It is widely used in soap making, paper production, and various industrial cleaning applications due to its high reactivity.
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15
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Which type of reaction in organic chemistry involves replacing a hydrogen atom with another atom or group?

  • A Elimination
  • B Substitution
  • C Addition
  • D Hydrolysis
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Correct Answer: Option B — Substitution
Explanation: Substitution reactions replace one atom or group in a molecule with another as seen when chlorine substitutes hydrogen in methane under UV light producing chloromethane.
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16
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Which type of chemical formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound?

  • A Molecular formula
  • B Structural formula
  • C Displayed formula
  • D Empirical formula
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Correct Answer: Option D — Empirical formula
Explanation: An empirical formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound for example glucose C6H12O6 has the empirical formula CH2O.
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17
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What is the term for the minimum energy needed to start a chemical reaction?

  • A Ionization energy
  • B Lattice energy
  • C Bond energy
  • D Activation energy
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Correct Answer: Option D — Activation energy
Explanation: Activation energy represents the minimum energy barrier that reactant molecules must overcome to transform into products during a chemical reaction. Catalysts function by lowering this energy requirement to speed up reactions.
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18
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Which process involves passing an electric current through a solution to cause a chemical reaction?

  • A Electrolysis
  • B Distillation
  • C Chromatography
  • D Filtration
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Correct Answer: Option A — Electrolysis
Explanation: Electrolysis passes an electric current through an electrolyte solution or molten ionic compound causing chemical reactions at the electrodes and is used to extract metals and plate surfaces.
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19
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Which organic functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

  • A Hydroxyl group
  • B Carboxyl group COOH
  • C Carbonyl group
  • D Amino group
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Correct Answer: Option B — Carboxyl group COOH
Explanation: The carboxyl group COOH is the functional group present in all carboxylic acids and is responsible for their acidic properties as it can donate a proton to a base.
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20
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Which of these is an example of a physical change?

  • A Burning wood
  • B Rusting iron
  • C Baking a cake
  • D Melting ice
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Melting ice
Explanation: Melting ice is a physical change because the water molecules remain chemically the same; only the state changes from solid to liquid. Burning, rusting, and baking all involve chemical reactions that form new substances.
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