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Chemistry MCQs

235 Questions Subject Test
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Practice the essential concepts of matter, atomic structure, chemical reactions, bonding and everyday applications of chemistry.

Atomic StructureChemical BondingReactionsOrganic Chemistry
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161
Medium css Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the SI unit of amount of substance?

  • A Mole
  • B Litre
  • C Gram
  • D Kilogram
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Mole
Explanation: The mole is the SI base unit for measuring the amount of substance, defined as containing exactly 6.02214076×10^23 elementary entities. It allows chemists to relate atomic-scale quantities to measurable macroscopic amounts.
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162
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid used in fertiliser and explosive manufacturing?

  • A H2SO4
  • B HCl
  • C H3PO4
  • D HNO3
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Correct Answer: Option D — HNO3
Explanation: Nitric acid has the formula HNO3 and is a strong oxidising acid used in the production of fertilisers explosives and in metal etching processes.
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163
Hard pms Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the primary use of sulfuric acid in industry?

  • A Textile dyeing
  • B Food preservation
  • C Water purification
  • D Fertilizer production
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Correct Answer: Option D — Fertilizer production
Explanation: Sulfuric acid is extensively used in the production of phosphate fertilizers, making it one of the most important industrial chemicals worldwide. It is also used in battery manufacturing, metal processing, and petroleum refining.
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164
Hard pms Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which of the following elements is used in the vulcanization of rubber?

  • A Phosphorus
  • B Sulfur
  • C Silicon
  • D Carbon
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Correct Answer: Option B — Sulfur
Explanation: Sulfur is used in the vulcanization process to strengthen rubber by forming cross-links between polymer chains. This process, discovered by Charles Goodyear, significantly improves the durability and elasticity of rubber products.
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165
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which organic functional group is present in alcohols?

  • A Carbonyl group
  • B Hydroxyl group
  • C Carboxyl group
  • D Amino group
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Correct Answer: Option B — Hydroxyl group
Explanation: The hydroxyl group OH is the functional group present in all alcohols and is responsible for their characteristic properties such as being able to form hydrogen bonds with water.
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166
Medium fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the term for the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent?

  • A Solubility
  • B Density
  • C Molarity
  • D Concentration
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Correct Answer: Option D — Concentration
Explanation: Concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a specific quantity of solvent or solution. It can be expressed in various units such as molarity, molality, or percentage, depending on the application required.
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167
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the name of the vertical columns in the periodic table?

  • A Periods
  • B Blocks
  • C Groups
  • D Rows
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Correct Answer: Option C — Groups
Explanation: Groups are the vertical columns in the periodic table and elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons giving them similar chemical properties and reactivity.
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168
Hard ppsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the atomic mass unit based on?

  • A Hydrogen-1
  • B Oxygen-16
  • C Helium-4
  • D Carbon-12
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Correct Answer: Option D — Carbon-12
Explanation: The atomic mass unit is defined as one-twelfth the mass of a Carbon-12 atom. This standard allows scientists to compare the relative masses of different atoms and molecules consistently across the periodic table.
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169
Hard css Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the term for the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom?

  • A Electron affinity
  • B Ionization energy
  • C Electronegativity
  • D Bond energy
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Correct Answer: Option B — Ionization energy
Explanation: Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. It generally increases across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table due to atomic structure.
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170
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which process converts vegetable oils into solid fats by adding hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst?

  • A Saponification
  • B Hydrogenation
  • C Esterification
  • D Fermentation
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Hydrogenation
Explanation: Hydrogenation adds hydrogen gas to unsaturated vegetable oils in the presence of a nickel catalyst converting carbon to carbon double bonds to single bonds producing solid margarine.
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171
Medium ppsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which element is commonly used in nuclear reactors as fuel?

  • A Uranium
  • B Carbon
  • C Lead
  • D Silicon
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Correct Answer: Option A — Uranium
Explanation: Uranium is widely used as fuel in nuclear reactors due to its ability to undergo nuclear fission, releasing large amounts of energy. This process is harnessed to generate electricity in nuclear power plants worldwide.
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172
Medium nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the electronic configuration of Neon (2-8-2)?

  • A 2-2-8
  • B 2-8
  • C 2-8-8
  • D 2-6-2
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — 2-8-8
Explanation: Neon has an atomic number of 10 and an electronic configuration of 2-8, meaning two electrons occupy the first shell and eight electrons fill the second shell completely, giving it a stable noble gas structure.
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173
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which gas is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?

  • A Oxygen
  • B Hydrogen
  • C Nitrogen
  • D Carbon dioxide
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Hydrogen
Explanation: When acids react with metals hydrogen gas is produced along with a salt for example zinc reacting with hydrochloric acid produces zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
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174
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which indicator is colourless in acidic solution and pink in alkaline solution?

  • A Litmus
  • B Methyl orange
  • C Universal indicator
  • D Phenolphthalein
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Phenolphthalein
Explanation: Phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic and neutral solutions but turns pink to magenta in alkaline solutions and is commonly used as an indicator in acid-base titrations.
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175
Medium pms Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which element is primarily used in nuclear power plants as fuel?

  • A Uranium
  • B Thorium
  • C Radium
  • D Plutonium
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Uranium
Explanation: Uranium is the primary fuel used in nuclear power plants due to its ability to undergo controlled nuclear fission, releasing large amounts of energy. Uranium-235 is the specific isotope commonly used in reactor fuel rods.
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176
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which chemical process is used to extract metals from their ores using carbon or electrolysis?

  • A Reduction
  • B Oxidation
  • C Neutralisation
  • D Chromatography
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Reduction
Explanation: Reduction is used to extract metals from their ores by removing oxygen using a reducing agent like carbon or by electrolysis for more reactive metals like aluminium.
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177
Hard nts Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the oxidation state of oxygen in most compounds?

  • A -2
  • B -1
  • C +1
  • D +2
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — -2
Explanation: Oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2 in most of its compounds, as it tends to gain two electrons to complete its outer shell. Exceptions include peroxides, where oxygen has an oxidation state of -1.
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178
Medium css Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the process of adding electrons in a redox reaction called?

  • A Oxidation
  • B Reduction
  • C Ionization
  • D Neutralization
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Reduction
Explanation: Reduction refers to the gain of electrons by a substance during a redox reaction, resulting in a decrease of its oxidation state. It always occurs simultaneously with oxidation in a coupled electron transfer process.
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179
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

What gas is produced when calcium carbonate is heated strongly in thermal decomposition?

  • A Oxygen
  • B Sulfur dioxide
  • C Carbon dioxide
  • D Carbon monoxide
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Heating calcium carbonate strongly causes thermal decomposition producing calcium oxide quicklime and carbon dioxide gas a reaction widely used in cement production and lime kilns.
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180
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

  • A Increases activation energy
  • B Is consumed by the reaction
  • C Changes the products formed
  • D Increases reaction rate without being consumed
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Increases reaction rate without being consumed
Explanation: A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy and is not consumed or permanently changed during the process.
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