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Chemistry MCQs

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Hard css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which element has the highest electronegativity of all elements on the Pauling scale?

A Fluorine
B Oxygen
C Chlorine
D Nitrogen

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Correct Answer: Option A — Fluorine

Explanation: Fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all elements at 3.98 on the Pauling scale due to its small atomic size and high effective nuclear charge attracting bonding electrons most strongly.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxide also known as slaked lime?

A CaO
B CaCO3
C Ca(OH)2
D CaCl2

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Correct Answer: Option C — Ca(OH)2

Explanation: Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 also called slaked lime is made by adding water to quicklime CaO and is used in construction water treatment and to neutralise acidic soils.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

A Digestion of food
B Rusting of iron
C Burning of wood
D Melting of ice

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Correct Answer: Option D — Melting of ice

Explanation: Melting of ice is a physical change because it involves only a change in the state of matter from solid to liquid without altering its chemical composition. The water molecules remain chemically identical throughout the process.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the name of the horizontal rows in the periodic table?

A Groups
B Blocks
C Periods
D Families

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Correct Answer: Option C — Periods

Explanation: Periods are the horizontal rows in the periodic table and elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells with properties changing systematically across each period.

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Medium nts Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which acid is commonly found in the human stomach?

A Sulfuric acid
B Acetic acid
C Hydrochloric acid
D Nitric acid

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Correct Answer: Option C — Hydrochloric acid

Explanation: Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the stomach lining to aid digestion by breaking down food and activating digestive enzymes. It also helps kill harmful bacteria that may be ingested along with food.

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Easy nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which of the following is an example of an alkali metal?

A Calcium
B Magnesium
C Potassium
D Aluminium

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Correct Answer: Option C — Potassium

Explanation: Potassium belongs to Group 1 of the periodic table, known as alkali metals. These elements are highly reactive, have a single valence electron, and readily form +1 ions in chemical reactions.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical name of aspirin widely used as a pain reliever?

A Paracetamol
B Acetylsalicylic acid
C Ibuprofen
D Salicylic acid

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Correct Answer: Option B — Acetylsalicylic acid

Explanation: Aspirin is the brand name for acetylsalicylic acid synthesised by acetylating salicylic acid and has analgesic anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet properties.

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Medium nts Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A CnH2n+2
B CnH2n
C CnH2n-2
D CnHn

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Correct Answer: Option A — CnH2n+2

Explanation: Alkanes follow the general formula CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. These saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms and are relatively unreactive compared to alkenes.

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Easy nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the chemical name for table salt?

A Sodium nitrate
B Sodium bicarbonate
C Sodium chloride
D Sodium sulfate

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Correct Answer: Option C — Sodium chloride

Explanation: Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, formed by the ionic bond between sodium cations and chloride anions. It is essential for human physiology and widely used as a food preservative and seasoning.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the atomic number of carbon?

A 4
B 6
C 8
D 12

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Correct Answer: Option B — 6

Explanation: Carbon has an atomic number of 6 meaning it has 6 protons in its nucleus and 6 electrons in its neutral state making it the basis of all organic chemistry.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which indicator turns red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline solutions?

A Litmus
B Universal indicator
C Phenolphthalein
D Methyl orange

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Correct Answer: Option A — Litmus

Explanation: Litmus is a natural pH indicator derived from lichens that turns red in acidic solutions with pH below 7 and blue in alkaline solutions with pH above 7.

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Easy nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the name of the negatively charged subatomic particle?

A Electron
B Nucleon
C Proton
D Neutron

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Correct Answer: Option A — Electron

Explanation: Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom in defined energy levels. They are much lighter than protons and neutrons and are responsible for chemical bonding between atoms.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for rust formed on iron?

A Fe2O
B Fe3O4
C FeO
D Fe2O3

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Correct Answer: Option B — Fe3O4

Explanation: Rust is hydrated iron oxide with the formula Fe2O3 nH2O formed when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture through an electrochemical oxidation process.

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Medium nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the common name for calcium oxide?

A Quicklime
B Limestone
C Gypsum
D Slaked lime

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Correct Answer: Option A — Quicklime

Explanation: Calcium oxide is commonly known as quicklime, produced by heating limestone at high temperatures. It reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime and is widely used in construction, agriculture, and water treatment.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which indicator changes through a full colour range across the pH scale?

A Universal indicator
B Litmus
C Phenolphthalein
D Methyl orange

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Correct Answer: Option A — Universal indicator

Explanation: Universal indicator is a mixture of several indicators that changes colour across the full pH range from red in strong acids through green at neutral to purple in strong alkalis.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of reaction absorbs energy from the surroundings causing the temperature to fall?

A Endothermic
B Exothermic
C Displacement
D Combustion

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Correct Answer: Option A — Endothermic

Explanation: Endothermic reactions absorb energy from their surroundings causing a temperature decrease as more energy is required to break bonds in reactants than is released forming products.

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Medium fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the by-product of the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

A Hydrogen gas
B Oxygen gas
C Water only
D Carbon dioxide

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Correct Answer: Option D — Carbon dioxide

Explanation: When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, carbon dioxide gas is released along with salt and water. This reaction is commonly observed as effervescence and is used to test for the presence of carbonates.

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Easy ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the lightest element in the periodic table?

A Helium
B Hydrogen
C Lithium
D Beryllium

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Correct Answer: Option B — Hydrogen

Explanation: Hydrogen is the lightest and simplest element in the periodic table with atomic number 1 consisting of one proton and one electron in its most common form.

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Easy nts Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which particle has a negative charge?

A Proton
B Electron
C Neutron
D Positron

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Correct Answer: Option B — Electron

Explanation: Electrons carry a negative charge and orbit the nucleus of an atom. Protons are positively charged while neutrons carry no charge. Electrons determine an atom's chemical bonding behavior and reactivity.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the IUPAC name for the simplest hydrocarbon with formula CH4?

A Ethane
B Butane
C Propane
D Methane

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Correct Answer: Option D — Methane

Explanation: Methane CH4 is the simplest hydrocarbon and the first member of the alkane series where carbon atoms form single bonds and the molecule is saturated.

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