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Chemistry MCQs

125 Questions Subject Test
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Practice the essential concepts of matter, atomic structure, chemical reactions, bonding and everyday applications of chemistry.

Atomic StructureChemical BondingReactionsOrganic Chemistry
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41
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is saponification in chemistry?

  • A Making soap by reacting fats with a strong alkali
  • B Conversion of oils to alcohol
  • C Adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats
  • D Making esters from acids and alcohols
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Correct Answer: Option A — Making soap by reacting fats with a strong alkali
Explanation: Saponification is the process of making soap by reacting fats or oils with a strong alkali such as sodium hydroxide producing glycerol and soap molecules.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
42
Easy ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for common table salt?

  • A KCl
  • B CaCl2
  • C MgCl2
  • D NaCl
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — NaCl
Explanation: Common table salt has the chemical formula NaCl or sodium chloride formed from the ionic bond between positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
43
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical name of the compound with formula Na2SO4?

  • A Sodium sulfite
  • B Sodium sulfate
  • C Sodium sulfide
  • D Sodium bisulfate
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Sodium sulfate
Explanation: Na2SO4 is sodium sulfate also known as Glauber's salt and is used in the manufacture of detergents glass paper pulp and as a drying agent in organic chemistry.
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44
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for ethanol the type of alcohol found in beverages?

  • A C2H5OH
  • B CH3OH
  • C C3H7OH
  • D C4H9OH
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — C2H5OH
Explanation: Ethanol has the chemical formula C2H5OH and is the type of alcohol produced by fermentation of sugars by yeast and is found in alcoholic beverages and used as a solvent.
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45
Hard ppsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which of the following is used as a catalyst in the Haber process?

  • A Platinum
  • B Iron
  • C Nickel
  • D Copper
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Iron
Explanation: Iron acts as a catalyst in the Haber process, which combines nitrogen and hydrogen gases to produce ammonia. This industrial process is crucial for manufacturing fertilizers that support global agricultural production.
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46
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

What is the chemical formula for ethanoic acid commonly found in vinegar?

  • A CH3COOH
  • B HCOOH
  • C CH3CH2COOH
  • D C3H7COOH
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — CH3COOH
Explanation: Ethanoic acid has the formula CH3COOH and is the simplest carboxylic acid after methanoic acid found in vinegar at 4-8 percent concentration giving it its sour taste.
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47
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for washing soda used in cleaning?

  • A NaHCO3
  • B NaCl
  • C Na2CO3
  • D NaOH
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Na2CO3
Explanation: Washing soda is sodium carbonate Na2CO3 a water softener and cleaning agent used to remove grease and stains and is also used in glass making and paper production.
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48
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the valency of carbon that makes it the basis of organic chemistry?

  • A 2
  • B 3
  • C 4
  • D 6
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — 4
Explanation: Carbon has a valency of 4 meaning it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms allowing it to create an enormous variety of organic compounds through chains and rings.
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49
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the general formula of alkanes where n is the number of carbon atoms?

  • A CnH2n
  • B CnH2n+2
  • C CnHn
  • D CnH2n-2
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — CnH2n+2
Explanation: Alkanes follow the general formula CnH2n plus 2 where each carbon forms four single bonds and the molecule is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms.
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50
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which element is liquid at room temperature and is the only non-metal element in this state?

  • A Mercury
  • B Bromine
  • C Gallium
  • D Caesium
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Bromine
Explanation: Bromine is the only non-metal element that exists as a liquid at room temperature appearing as a reddish-brown volatile liquid with a pungent irritating smell.
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51
Easy ppsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which of the following is an example of a covalent compound?

  • A Calcium oxide
  • B Magnesium chloride
  • C Sodium chloride
  • D Water
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Water
Explanation: Water is an example of a covalent compound because its hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons rather than transferring them completely. This molecular structure gives water its unique properties such as high surface tension.
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52
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is an isotope?

  • A Atoms of different elements with the same mass
  • B Atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons
  • C Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different neutrons
  • D Atoms of different elements with the same electrons
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different neutrons
Explanation: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons resulting in different mass numbers but similar chemical properties.
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53
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution?

  • A Decomposition
  • B Neutralisation
  • C Combustion
  • D Displacement
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — Displacement
Explanation: Displacement reactions occur when a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution as seen when iron displaces copper from copper sulfate solution.
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54
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction?

  • A Law of Definite Proportions
  • B Law of Multiple Proportions
  • C Law of Conservation of Mass
  • D Law of Combining Volumes
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Law of Conservation of Mass
Explanation: The Law of Conservation of Mass proposed by Lavoisier states that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in any chemical reaction.
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55
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of chemical bond involves atoms sharing electrons unequally due to difference in electronegativity?

  • A Non-polar covalent bond
  • B Polar covalent bond
  • C Metallic bond
  • D Ionic bond
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Polar covalent bond
Explanation: A polar covalent bond forms when electrons are shared unequally between atoms of different electronegativities creating partial positive and negative charges on the molecule as in water.
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56
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the process by which plants use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose using sunlight?

  • A Respiration
  • B Transpiration
  • C Photosynthesis
  • D Decomposition
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen in the chloroplasts of plant cells following the equation 6CO2 plus 6H2O giving C6H12O6 plus 6O2.
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57
Hard ppsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the molar mass of water approximately?

  • A 16 g/mol
  • B 20 g/mol
  • C 18 g/mol
  • D 22 g/mol
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — 18 g/mol
Explanation: Water has a molar mass of approximately 18 grams per mole, calculated by adding the atomic masses of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. This value is fundamental in stoichiometric calculations involving water.
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58
Easy ppsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which reaction type involves the combination of two or more substances to form a single product?

  • A Decomposition reaction
  • B Combination reaction
  • C Displacement reaction
  • D Double displacement reaction
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Combination reaction
Explanation: A combination reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single new product. A common example is the formation of water from the combination of hydrogen and oxygen gases under appropriate conditions.
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59
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which chemical process converts vegetable oils into solid fats by adding hydrogen gas?

  • A Saponification
  • B Hydrogenation
  • C Esterification
  • D Fermentation
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Hydrogenation
Explanation: Hydrogenation adds hydrogen gas to unsaturated vegetable oils in the presence of a nickel catalyst converting carbon-to-carbon double bonds to single bonds producing solid margarine.
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60
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which acid is used in car batteries as the electrolyte?

  • A Sulfuric acid
  • B Hydrochloric acid
  • C Nitric acid
  • D Acetic acid
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Sulfuric acid
Explanation: Sulfuric acid H2SO4 is used as the electrolyte in lead-acid car batteries where it facilitates the electrochemical reactions between lead electrodes to store and release electrical energy.
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