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Biology MCQs

128 Questions Subject Test
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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
Useful for academic exams, entry tests, FPSC, PPSC and general science preparation.
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101
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What is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic material through direct contact?

  • A Transformation
  • B Transduction
  • C Conjugation
  • D Replication
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Correct Answer: Option C — Conjugation
Explanation: Conjugation is the process by which bacteria transfer genetic material including plasmids through direct physical contact via a structure called a pilus contributing to antibiotic resistance spread.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
102
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What is the term for the genetic makeup of an organism?

  • A Phenotype
  • B Karyotype
  • C Genotype
  • D Genome
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Correct Answer: Option C — Genotype
Explanation: Genotype refers to the complete set of genetic information or alleles present in an organism that determines its inherited traits and potential phenotypic characteristics.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
103
Hard css fpsc Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

What is the role of helper T cells in coordinating the immune response?

  • A Producing antibodies directly
  • B Destroying infected cells
  • C Activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells
  • D Engulfing pathogens
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Correct Answer: Option C — Activating B cells and cytotoxic T cells
Explanation: Helper T cells also called CD4 T cells coordinate the immune response by releasing cytokines that activate B cells to produce antibodies and stimulate cytotoxic T cells to destroy infected cells.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
104
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What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration of blood?

  • A Glomerulus
  • B Loop of Henle
  • C Bowman's capsule
  • D Nephron
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Correct Answer: Option D — Nephron
Explanation: The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood regulating water and electrolyte balance and producing urine.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
105
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of organisms break down dead organic matter into simpler inorganic substances?

  • A Producers
  • B Decomposers
  • C Consumers
  • D Omnivores
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Correct Answer: Option B — Decomposers
Explanation: Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter into simpler inorganic substances recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem for use by producers.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
106
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which part of the human brain is responsible for voluntary movement and higher cognitive functions?

  • A Cerebellum
  • B Medulla oblongata
  • C Cerebrum
  • D Hypothalamus
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Correct Answer: Option C — Cerebrum
Explanation: The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain responsible for voluntary movement perception memory language reasoning and other higher cognitive functions.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
107
Medium fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which part of the respiratory system is the primary site of gas exchange?

  • A Alveoli
  • B Trachea
  • C Bronchi
  • D Larynx
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Correct Answer: Option A — Alveoli
Explanation: Alveoli are tiny, thin-walled air sacs in the lungs where oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses out. Their vast surface area and thin walls maximize efficient gas exchange.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
108
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the term for an interconnected network of food chains in an ecosystem?

  • A Pyramid of biomass
  • B Trophic level
  • C Food web
  • D Food chain
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Correct Answer: Option C — Food web
Explanation: A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem representing the multiple feeding relationships and energy pathways between organisms.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
109
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of cell division produces gametes with half the chromosome number?

  • A Budding
  • B Meiosis
  • C Mitosis
  • D Binary fission
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Correct Answer: Option B — Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces four genetically diverse gametes each containing half the chromosome number of the parent cell ensuring genetic diversity in sexual reproduction.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
110
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What term describes the specific molecule an enzyme acts upon?

  • A Substrate
  • B Product
  • C Cofactor
  • D Coenzyme
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Correct Answer: Option A — Substrate
Explanation: The substrate is the specific molecule upon which an enzyme acts binding at the active site to form an enzyme-substrate complex and being converted into products.
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111
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What is the process by which white blood cells engulf and digest bacteria and foreign particles?

  • A Phagocytosis
  • B Endocytosis
  • C Osmosis
  • D Pinocytosis
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Correct Answer: Option A — Phagocytosis
Explanation: Phagocytosis is the process by which phagocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages engulf and digest bacteria foreign particles and dead cells protecting the body from infection.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
112
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the process by which cells engulf large particles by wrapping the cell membrane around them?

  • A Phagocytosis
  • B Osmosis
  • C Diffusion
  • D Pinocytosis
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Correct Answer: Option A — Phagocytosis
Explanation: Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where the cell membrane wraps around large solid particles such as bacteria and engulfs them forming a phagosome inside the cell.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
113
Hard css fpsc Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which plant hormone signals guard cells to close stomata during drought conditions?

  • A Abscisic acid
  • B Auxin
  • C Gibberellin
  • D Cytokinin
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Correct Answer: Option A — Abscisic acid
Explanation: Abscisic acid ABA is a plant stress hormone that signals guard cells surrounding stomata to close during drought conditions reducing water loss through transpiration.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
114
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the term for the movement of water from a region of high water concentration to low concentration through a semipermeable membrane?

  • A Diffusion
  • B Osmosis
  • C Active transport
  • D Endocytosis
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Correct Answer: Option B — Osmosis
Explanation: Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water potential to low water potential without requiring energy.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
115
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What is the broadest level of biological classification?

  • A Domain
  • B Order
  • C Family
  • D Kingdom
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Correct Answer: Option A — Domain
Explanation: Domain is the broadest level in the modern biological classification system above kingdom and includes three domains Bacteria Archaea and Eukarya.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
116
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which hormone regulates blood glucose levels by promoting its uptake by cells?

  • A Glucagon
  • B Adrenaline
  • C Thyroxine
  • D Insulin
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Correct Answer: Option D — Insulin
Explanation: Insulin produced by the beta cells of the pancreas lowers blood glucose levels by promoting its uptake by body cells and stimulating its conversion to glycogen in the liver.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
117
Easy fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for organisms that live inside or on another organism and cause it harm?

  • A Parasites
  • B Predators
  • C Symbionts
  • D Scavengers
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Correct Answer: Option A — Parasites
Explanation: Parasites live in or on a host organism, deriving nutrients at the host's expense, often causing harm or disease. Examples include tapeworms, fleas, and certain protozoa responsible for illnesses like malaria in humans.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
118
Easy fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which kingdom includes organisms like mushrooms and yeast?

  • A Plantae
  • B Fungi
  • C Animalia
  • D Protista
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Correct Answer: Option B — Fungi
Explanation: Fungi form a distinct kingdom of organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment rather than producing food through photosynthesis. They include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms, and play key roles as decomposers in ecosystems.
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119
Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which process copies DNA information into mRNA in the nucleus?

  • A Translation
  • B Replication
  • C Transduction
  • D Transcription
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Correct Answer: Option D — Transcription
Explanation: Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into mRNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase taking place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
120
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the process by which organisms break down glucose to release energy?

  • A Digestion
  • B Photosynthesis
  • C Cellular respiration
  • D Transpiration
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Correct Answer: Option C — Cellular respiration
Explanation: Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP carbon dioxide and water releasing energy for cellular activities.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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