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Biology MCQs

128 Questions Subject Test
Subject Preparation Guide

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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
Useful for academic exams, entry tests, FPSC, PPSC and general science preparation.
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Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes that produce the pigment responsible for skin colour?

  • A Dermis
  • B Hypodermis
  • C Stratum corneum
  • D Epidermis
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Correct Answer: Option D — Epidermis
Explanation: Melanocytes are found in the basal layer of the epidermis where they produce melanin the pigment responsible for skin hair and eye colour and for protection from UV radiation.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
22
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which disease is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B1 affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems?

  • A Beriberi
  • B Scurvy
  • C Pellagra
  • D Rickets
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Correct Answer: Option A — Beriberi
Explanation: Beriberi is caused by Vitamin B1 or thiamine deficiency and affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems causing muscle weakness nerve damage and heart problems.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
23
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What is the process by which a caterpillar transforms into a butterfly called?

  • A Metamorphosis
  • B Germination
  • C Fertilization
  • D Pollination
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Correct Answer: Option A — Metamorphosis
Explanation: Metamorphosis is a biological process involving dramatic physical transformation during development. In complete metamorphosis, insects like butterflies pass through egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages, each with distinct forms and functions.
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What is the term for the gradual process of change in the species composition of an ecosystem over time?

  • A Evolution
  • B Adaptation
  • C Migration
  • D Ecological succession
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Correct Answer: Option D — Ecological succession
Explanation: Ecological succession is the gradual and predictable process of change in species composition and community structure in an ecosystem over time toward a stable climax community.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for organisms that cannot make their own food and must consume other organisms?

  • A Autotrophs
  • B Heterotrophs
  • C Producers
  • D Chemotrophs
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Correct Answer: Option B — Heterotrophs
Explanation: Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot synthesise their own food and must obtain energy and organic nutrients by consuming other organisms and include animals fungi and most bacteria.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
26
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the term for the sequence of feeding relationships in an ecosystem?

  • A Pyramid of numbers
  • B Ecological niche
  • C Trophic level
  • D Food chain
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Correct Answer: Option D — Food chain
Explanation: A food chain is a linear sequence showing how energy and nutrients are transferred from one organism to another through feeding relationships starting from producers.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
27
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells?

  • A Meiosis
  • B Binary fission
  • C Mitosis
  • D Budding
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Correct Answer: Option C — Mitosis
Explanation: Mitosis is the type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell and is responsible for growth tissue repair and asexual reproduction.
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28
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What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

  • A Act as biological catalysts to speed up reactions
  • B Store genetic information
  • C Provide energy for reactions
  • D Transport oxygen in blood
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Correct Answer: Option A — Act as biological catalysts to speed up reactions
Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering activation energy without being consumed or permanently altered in the process.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which type of immunity is present from birth and provides a non-specific first line of defence?

  • A Acquired immunity
  • B Active immunity
  • C Passive immunity
  • D Innate immunity
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Correct Answer: Option D — Innate immunity
Explanation: Innate immunity is the non-specific immune response present from birth providing the first line of defence through physical barriers inflammation and phagocytes against all pathogens.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
30
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Which molecule is the primary energy currency of cells?

  • A ATP
  • B ADP
  • C NAD
  • D NADP
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Correct Answer: Option A — ATP
Explanation: ATP or adenosine triphosphate is the primary energy currency of cells storing and providing energy for all cellular processes including metabolism movement and biosynthesis.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
31
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which part of the eye is the coloured ring that controls pupil size regulating light entry?

  • A Cornea
  • B Retina
  • C Iris
  • D Lens
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Correct Answer: Option C — Iris
Explanation: The iris is the coloured muscular ring of the eye that controls the size of the pupil through the action of dilator and constrictor muscles regulating the amount of light entering the eye.
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32
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What is the term for the process by which plants lose water vapour through their leaves?

  • A Photosynthesis
  • B Osmosis
  • C Transpiration
  • D Respiration
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Correct Answer: Option C — Transpiration
Explanation: Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapour through stomata in their leaves creating a suction force that draws water and minerals up from the roots.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
33
Easy fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which human chromosome pair determines biological sex?

  • A 1st pair
  • B 23rd pair
  • C 10th pair
  • D 22nd pair
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Correct Answer: Option B — 23rd pair
Explanation: Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and the 23rd pair determines biological sex. Females typically have two X chromosomes while males have one X and one Y chromosome, inherited from their respective parents.
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34
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Which scientist developed the modern system of classification for organisms?

  • A Carl Linnaeus
  • B Charles Darwin
  • C Gregor Mendel
  • D Louis Pasteur
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Correct Answer: Option A — Carl Linnaeus
Explanation: Carl Linnaeus developed the modern system of biological classification and binomial nomenclature in the 18th century providing a universal system for naming and organising living organisms.
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Which gland is called the master gland of the endocrine system?

  • A Thyroid gland
  • B Pituitary gland
  • C Adrenal gland
  • D Pancreas
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Correct Answer: Option B — Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands including the thyroid adrenal and reproductive glands.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which molecule carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis?

  • A mRNA
  • B tRNA
  • C rRNA
  • D snRNA
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Correct Answer: Option A — mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA or mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it serves as a template for protein synthesis through translation.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
37
Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which pigment in plants absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?

  • A Chlorophyll
  • B Melanin
  • C Haemoglobin
  • D Keratin
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Correct Answer: Option A — Chlorophyll
Explanation: Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight primarily in the red and blue wavelengths to drive the process of photosynthesis.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which chromosomal disorder is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

  • A Turner syndrome
  • B Down syndrome
  • C Klinefelter syndrome
  • D Patau syndrome
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Correct Answer: Option B — Down syndrome
Explanation: Down syndrome also called trisomy 21 is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 resulting in intellectual disability and characteristic physical features.
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Which vitamin is essential for the formation of collagen and acts as an antioxidant?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin C
  • C Vitamin D
  • D Vitamin K
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Correct Answer: Option B — Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis acting as a cofactor for enzymes that stabilise the collagen triple helix and its deficiency causes scurvy.
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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of reproduction in bacteria involves the cell splitting into two equal daughter cells?

  • A Budding
  • B Binary fission
  • C Fragmentation
  • D Sporulation
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Correct Answer: Option B — Binary fission
Explanation: Binary fission is the primary method of asexual reproduction in bacteria where a single cell replicates its DNA and divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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