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Islamic Studies MCQs

MCQs on Quran, Hadith, Islamic History and Fiqh

134 Questions
Subject Preparation Guide

Prepare Islamic Studies with confidence

Prepare important questions from the Quran, Hadith, Seerah, Islamic history, beliefs, worship and ethical teachings.

Quran and HadithSeerahIslamic HistoryBeliefs and Worship
Relevant to academic syllabi and Islamic Studies sections of competitive examinations.
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21
Hard css

In Islamic jurisprudence the principle of Maslaha refers to?

  • A Strict literal interpretation
  • B Public interest or welfare
  • C Consensus of scholars
  • D Analogical reasoning
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Correct Answer: Option B — Public interest or welfare
Explanation: Maslaha refers to the concept of public interest or general welfare in Islamic jurisprudence. It is used by scholars to derive rulings that promote benefit and prevent harm to the Muslim community especially in situations not explicitly addressed by existing texts. It is an important principle particularly in contemporary Islamic legal thought addressing modern challenges.
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22
Hard css

The famous Islamic astronomer who proved the Earth is spherical and calculated its circumference was?

  • A Ibn Sina
  • B Al-Biruni
  • C Al-Battani
  • D Al-Farghani
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Correct Answer: Option B — Al-Biruni
Explanation: Al-Biruni (973-1048 AD) was a brilliant Islamic polymath who calculated the Earth's circumference with remarkable accuracy using trigonometric methods. He also proved Earth's rotation and made extraordinary contributions to astronomy mathematics history anthropology and pharmacology. His book Kitab al-Hind is considered a masterpiece of comparative anthropological study of Indian civilization.
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23
Hard css

The Islamic principle that no person shall bear the burden of another's sins is called?

  • A Tawbah
  • B Kaffarah
  • C Individual accountability (La taziru waziraton wizra okhra)
  • D Mizan
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Correct Answer: Option C — Individual accountability (La taziru waziraton wizra okhra)
Explanation: The Quran explicitly states in multiple verses including Surah Al-Anam (6:164) that no soul shall bear the burden of another. This principle of individual accountability is fundamental to Islamic theology and justice. Every person is responsible solely for their own deeds and will stand before Allah on the Day of Judgment to account for their own choices.
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24
Easy nts

The term 'Ummah' in Islamic context refers to?

  • A The Arab people
  • B The global community of Muslims
  • C The Quraysh tribe
  • D Early Muslims of Makkah
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Correct Answer: Option B — The global community of Muslims
Explanation: Ummah refers to the global community of Muslims bound together by their shared faith in Islam regardless of race nationality or language. The Quran uses this term to describe the worldwide brotherhood of believers. The concept emphasizes Muslim solidarity and collective identity transcending geographical and ethnic boundaries forming a transnational community unified by shared beliefs and values.
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25
Hard css

Which Islamic scholar wrote the monumental work Ihya Ulum al-Din?

  • A Ibn Rushd
  • B Ibn Taymiyyah
  • C Al-Ghazali
  • D Al-Mawardi
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Correct Answer: Option C — Al-Ghazali
Explanation: Imam Al-Ghazali's Ihya Ulum al-Din (Revival of the Religious Sciences) is a comprehensive guide to Islamic living covering worship social conduct and spiritual purification. Written in the 11th century it addresses how to integrate formal religious practice with inner spiritual development. It remains one of the most read and referenced works in Islamic literature globally.
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26
Easy fpsc

The famous Mosque Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa is located in which city?

  • A Makkah
  • B Madinah
  • C Jerusalem
  • D Istanbul
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Correct Answer: Option C — Jerusalem
Explanation: Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa is located in Jerusalem in the occupied Palestinian territory. It is the third holiest site in Islam after Masjid Al-Haram and Masjid Al-Nabawi. It was the first Qibla of Muslims before the direction of prayer was changed to Makkah in 2 AH. It was the site of the Prophet's (PBUH) miraculous Night Journey.
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27
Hard css

The Islamic jurisprudential term Ijtihad refers to?

  • A Following established rulings
  • B Independent scholarly reasoning to derive new rulings
  • C Consensus of scholars
  • D Analogical deduction
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Correct Answer: Option B — Independent scholarly reasoning to derive new rulings
Explanation: Ijtihad refers to the independent exercise of scholarly reasoning to derive new religious rulings on matters not explicitly addressed in the Quran and Sunnah. A scholar qualified to perform Ijtihad is called a Mujtahid. Many classical scholars debated whether the gate of Ijtihad is still open with most contemporary scholars affirming that qualified scholars can and should continue practicing it.
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28
Medium css

The concept of Shura in Islamic governance means?

  • A Absolute monarchy
  • B Military rule
  • C Consultation and democratic deliberation
  • D Theocratic dictatorship
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Correct Answer: Option C — Consultation and democratic deliberation
Explanation: Shura refers to the Islamic principle of consultation and deliberation in decision-making. The Quran in Surah Al-Shura (42:38) praises believers who conduct their affairs through mutual consultation. The Prophet (PBUH) regularly consulted his companions on matters not explicitly addressed by revelation. It forms the basis of Islamic democratic thought and governance theory.
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29
Easy fpsc

Which Caliph is known as Farooq-e-Azam?

  • A Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
  • B Hazrat Umar (RA)
  • C Hazrat Usman (RA)
  • D Hazrat Ali (RA)
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Correct Answer: Option B — Hazrat Umar (RA)
Explanation: Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA) is known as Farooq-e-Azam meaning the Great Distinguisher between truth and falsehood. The Prophet (PBUH) gave him this title. Under his caliphate (634-644 AD) the Islamic empire expanded enormously incorporating Persia Syria Egypt and other territories through a remarkably just administrative system.
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30
Medium css

The Islamic term 'Fatwa' refers to?

  • A Islamic prayer
  • B A religious legal opinion
  • C Obligatory pilgrimage
  • D Religious tax
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Correct Answer: Option B — A religious legal opinion
Explanation: A Fatwa is a formal religious legal opinion or ruling issued by a qualified Islamic scholar (Mufti) on matters of Islamic law. Fatwas are issued on questions ranging from personal religious practice to complex social and political matters. They are not binding on all Muslims but carry significant religious authority especially from recognized scholarly institutions.
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31
Medium css

The famous Islamic traveler who visited 44 countries over 29 years was?

  • A Al-Masudi
  • B Al-Biruni
  • C Ibn Battuta
  • D Al-Idrisi
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Correct Answer: Option C — Ibn Battuta
Explanation: Ibn Battuta (1304-1368 AD) was a Moroccan Islamic scholar and traveler who journeyed approximately 75000 miles over 29 years visiting 44 countries across Africa Asia and Europe. His account of travels called the Rihla (Journey) is one of the most comprehensive travel documents of the medieval world and provides invaluable historical and cultural records.
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32
Hard css

Imam Bukhari compiled his famous Hadith collection Sahih Bukhari in how many years?

  • A 5 years
  • B 7 years
  • C 10 years
  • D 16 years
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Correct Answer: Option D — 16 years
Explanation: Imam Bukhari (810-870 AD) spent approximately 16 years compiling Sahih Al-Bukhari which is considered the most authentic book after the Quran in Sunni Islam. He examined around 600000 Hadith and included only 7397 (with repetitions) after rigorous authentication. He reportedly performed Ghusl and two rakats of prayer before recording each Hadith.
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33
Easy nts

The Islamic term 'Halal' specifically refers to?

  • A Permitted actions or food
  • B Forbidden actions
  • C Obligatory acts
  • D Recommended acts
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Correct Answer: Option A — Permitted actions or food
Explanation: Halal is an Arabic term meaning permitted or lawful. It refers to what is allowed under Islamic law (Shariah) encompassing food drink financial dealings relationships and other aspects of life. Its opposite is Haram (forbidden). Halal dietary laws prohibit pork alcohol blood and improperly slaughtered animals and have given rise to a global Halal industry worth over two trillion dollars.
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34
Medium css

The Islamic obligation of Hijab is primarily based on which Quranic Surah?

  • A Surah Al-Baqarah
  • B Surah An-Nur and Surah Al-Ahzab
  • C Surah Al-Maidah
  • D Surah Al-Nisa
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Correct Answer: Option B — Surah An-Nur and Surah Al-Ahzab
Explanation: The obligation of Hijab for Muslim women is derived primarily from Surah An-Nur (24:31) which instructs women to guard their modesty and Surah Al-Ahzab (33:59) which instructs the Prophet to tell his wives and daughters and believing women to draw their outer garments around them. Scholars debate the precise extent required by these verses.
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35
Medium css

The Quran was memorized and written down during the lifetime of the Prophet (PBUH) by?

  • A Only one companion
  • B Several designated scribes
  • C The Prophet himself
  • D Oral tradition only without writing
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Correct Answer: Option B — Several designated scribes
Explanation: During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) the Quran was both memorized by numerous companions (Huffaz) and written down by designated scribes called Katibin-e-Wahi. These included Zaid bin Thabit Ubay ibn Ka'b Ali ibn Abi Talib and others. Revelations were written on bones leather palm leaves and stones as they were received.
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36
Medium css

The right of women to inherit property was first established by?

  • A Roman Law
  • B Islamic Law
  • C British Common Law
  • D Greek Philosophy
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Correct Answer: Option B — Islamic Law
Explanation: Islamic law was among the first legal systems to grant women the right to inherit property established through Quranic verses revealed in 7th century Arabia. Surah An-Nisa (Chapter 4) contains detailed inheritance laws giving women half the share of male relatives. This was revolutionary in a society that had previously denied women all property rights.
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37
Hard css

Al-Khawarizmi is credited with inventing?

  • A Algebra
  • B Calculus
  • C Geometry
  • D Trigonometry
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Correct Answer: Option A — Algebra
Explanation: Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khawarizmi (780-850 AD) was an Islamic mathematician and scholar whose work Al-Kitab Al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab Al-Jabr wal-Muqabala (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing) laid the foundations of algebra. The word algebra itself comes from Al-Jabr in his title and the word algorithm comes from his Latinized name.
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38
Hard css

The Islamic scholarly consensus places the total number of Prophets sent by Allah at?

  • A 25
  • B 124000
  • C 313
  • D 1000
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Correct Answer: Option B — 124000
Explanation: According to Islamic tradition approximately 124000 prophets were sent by Allah throughout human history though only 25 are named in the Quran. Among these 25 five are given the title Ulul Azm (Prophets of Strong Will): Muhammad Ibrahim Musa Isa and Nuh (Peace be upon them all) due to their exceptional patience and trials.
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39
Hard css

The term 'Ijaz-ul-Quran' refers to?

  • A Translation of the Quran
  • B The miraculous inimitability of the Quran
  • C Compilation of the Quran
  • D Memorization of the Quran
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Correct Answer: Option B — The miraculous inimitability of the Quran
Explanation: Ijaz-ul-Quran refers to the miraculous and inimitable nature of the Holy Quran which cannot be replicated by humans. The Quran itself challenges humanity and jinn to produce even one Surah like it (2:23) known as the Tahaddi (challenge). This inimitability exists in its language style meaning linguistic precision and timeless wisdom.
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40
Medium css

The concept of 'Sadaqah Jariyah' in Islam refers to?

  • A Obligatory charity
  • B Voluntary continuous charity that benefits after death
  • C Annual alms tax
  • D Charity given in Ramadan
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Correct Answer: Option B — Voluntary continuous charity that benefits after death
Explanation: Sadaqah Jariyah refers to ongoing charitable acts whose benefits continue after the donor's death. Examples include building a mosque funding a well digging education or planting trees. The Prophet (PBUH) stated that when a person dies their deeds end except for three: ongoing charity beneficial knowledge and a righteous child who prays for them.
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