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Chemistry MCQs

124 Questions Subject Test
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Practice the essential concepts of matter, atomic structure, chemical reactions, bonding and everyday applications of chemistry.

Atomic StructureChemical BondingReactionsOrganic Chemistry
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What is the by-product of the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

  • A Hydrogen gas
  • B Oxygen gas
  • C Water only
  • D Carbon dioxide
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Correct Answer: Option D — Carbon dioxide
Explanation: When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, carbon dioxide gas is released along with salt and water. This reaction is commonly observed as effervescence and is used to test for the presence of carbonates.
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What is the chemical name for rust?

  • A Iron nitrate
  • B Iron sulfide
  • C Iron carbonate
  • D Iron oxide
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Correct Answer: Option D — Iron oxide
Explanation: Rust is chemically known as iron oxide, formed when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture in the air over time. This process, called oxidation, weakens the structural integrity of iron and steel objects.
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Which element is used in the production of stainless steel to prevent rusting?

  • A Zinc
  • B Chromium
  • C Copper
  • D Tin
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Correct Answer: Option B — Chromium
Explanation: Chromium is added to steel to produce stainless steel, forming a thin protective oxide layer on the surface that prevents corrosion and rusting. This alloy is widely used in kitchenware, medical instruments, and construction.
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24
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Which of the following describes a saturated solution?

  • A Contains excess undissolved solute
  • B Contains only solvent
  • C Contains no solute
  • D Contains maximum solute at given temperature
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Correct Answer: Option D — Contains maximum solute at given temperature
Explanation: A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. Adding more solute beyond this point results in undissolved excess settling at the bottom.
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What is the strongest type of intermolecular force?

  • A Van der Waals forces
  • B Dipole-dipole forces
  • C Hydrogen bonding
  • D London dispersion forces
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Correct Answer: Option C — Hydrogen bonding
Explanation: Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force, occurring when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. It significantly affects boiling points and solubility of compounds.
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26
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Which type of bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

  • A Covalent bond
  • B Ionic bond
  • C Metallic bond
  • D Hydrogen bond
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Correct Answer: Option B — Ionic bond
Explanation: An ionic bond involves the complete transfer of one or more electrons from a metal atom to a non-metal atom creating oppositely charged ions that attract each other electrostatically.
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Which of these is a strong base?

  • A Sodium hydroxide
  • B Ammonia
  • C Acetic acid
  • D Carbonic acid
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Correct Answer: Option A — Sodium hydroxide
Explanation: Sodium hydroxide is a strong base that fully dissociates in water to release hydroxide ions. It is widely used in soap making, paper production, and various industrial cleaning applications due to its high reactivity.
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Which element is used in making transistors and computer chips?

  • A Gold
  • B Germanium
  • C Silicon
  • D Silver
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Correct Answer: Option C — Silicon
Explanation: Silicon is the primary material used in manufacturing transistors and computer chips due to its semiconductor properties. Its abundance and ability to be doped with other elements make it ideal for electronic applications.
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Which type of reaction in organic chemistry involves replacing a hydrogen atom with another atom or group?

  • A Elimination
  • B Substitution
  • C Addition
  • D Hydrolysis
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Correct Answer: Option B — Substitution
Explanation: Substitution reactions replace one atom or group in a molecule with another as seen when chlorine substitutes hydrogen in methane under UV light producing chloromethane.
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Which element is the lightest metal on the periodic table?

  • A Potassium
  • B Magnesium
  • C Sodium
  • D Lithium
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Correct Answer: Option D — Lithium
Explanation: Lithium is the lightest metal known, with a very low density that allows it to float on water. It is widely used in rechargeable batteries for electronic devices and electric vehicles due to its high energy density.
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What is the process of converting a gas into a liquid called?

  • A Sublimation
  • B Vaporization
  • C Fusion
  • D Condensation
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Correct Answer: Option D — Condensation
Explanation: Condensation is the process by which a gas changes into a liquid, typically due to cooling or increased pressure. This is commonly observed when water vapor forms droplets on a cold surface.
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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

What is the chemical formula for laughing gas used as a mild anaesthetic in dentistry?

  • A NO
  • B N2O
  • C NO2
  • D N2O4
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Correct Answer: Option B — N2O
Explanation: Nitrous oxide N2O commonly known as laughing gas is used as a mild anaesthetic and analgesic in dentistry and medicine and produces euphoric effects when inhaled.
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Which type of chemical formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound?

  • A Molecular formula
  • B Structural formula
  • C Displayed formula
  • D Empirical formula
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Correct Answer: Option D — Empirical formula
Explanation: An empirical formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of each type of atom in a compound for example glucose C6H12O6 has the empirical formula CH2O.
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What is the term for the minimum energy needed to start a chemical reaction?

  • A Ionization energy
  • B Lattice energy
  • C Bond energy
  • D Activation energy
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Correct Answer: Option D — Activation energy
Explanation: Activation energy represents the minimum energy barrier that reactant molecules must overcome to transform into products during a chemical reaction. Catalysts function by lowering this energy requirement to speed up reactions.
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35
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Which particle determines the chemical properties of an element?

  • A Neutron
  • B Electron
  • C Proton
  • D Nucleus
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Correct Answer: Option B — Electron
Explanation: Electrons especially the valence electrons in the outermost shell determine the chemical properties of an element including its reactivity bonding behaviour and the compounds it forms.
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Which of the following elements is a transition metal?

  • A Iron
  • B Sodium
  • C Magnesium
  • D Calcium
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Correct Answer: Option A — Iron
Explanation: Iron is classified as a transition metal, located in the d-block of the periodic table. Transition metals are known for forming colored compounds, having variable oxidation states, and acting as effective catalysts in reactions.
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37
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Which process involves passing an electric current through a solution to cause a chemical reaction?

  • A Electrolysis
  • B Distillation
  • C Chromatography
  • D Filtration
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Correct Answer: Option A — Electrolysis
Explanation: Electrolysis passes an electric current through an electrolyte solution or molten ionic compound causing chemical reactions at the electrodes and is used to extract metals and plate surfaces.
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Which organic functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

  • A Hydroxyl group
  • B Carboxyl group COOH
  • C Carbonyl group
  • D Amino group
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Correct Answer: Option B — Carboxyl group COOH
Explanation: The carboxyl group COOH is the functional group present in all carboxylic acids and is responsible for their acidic properties as it can donate a proton to a base.
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Which gas is used in fire extinguishers to smother flames by displacing oxygen?

  • A Carbon dioxide
  • B Nitrogen
  • C Oxygen
  • D Water vapour
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Correct Answer: Option A — Carbon dioxide
Explanation: Carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers because it displaces oxygen around flames extinguishing the fire without leaving corrosive residue making it ideal for electrical fires.
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What is saponification in chemistry?

  • A Making soap by reacting fats with a strong alkali
  • B Conversion of oils to alcohol
  • C Adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats
  • D Making esters from acids and alcohols
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Making soap by reacting fats with a strong alkali
Explanation: Saponification is the process of making soap by reacting fats or oils with a strong alkali such as sodium hydroxide producing glycerol and soap molecules.
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