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Biology MCQs

58 Questions Subject Test
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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
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What is the process by which the kidneys filter blood to form urine?

  • A Ultrafiltration
  • B Secretion
  • C Reabsorption
  • D Digestion
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Correct Answer: Option A — Ultrafiltration
Explanation: Ultrafiltration is the first process in urine formation where high pressure in the glomerulus forces water glucose salts and urea out of the blood into the Bowman's capsule.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence of an organism?

  • A Replication
  • B Transcription
  • C Mutation
  • D Translation
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Correct Answer: Option C — Mutation
Explanation: A mutation is an alteration in the DNA sequence that can occur naturally or due to environmental factors like radiation. Mutations can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial, and they drive genetic diversity and evolution.
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Which type of white blood cell produces antibodies against specific pathogens?

  • A Neutrophils
  • B B lymphocytes
  • C Monocytes
  • D Eosinophils
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Correct Answer: Option B — B lymphocytes
Explanation: B lymphocytes or B cells are white blood cells that produce specific antibodies when activated by an antigen providing targeted humoral immunity against pathogens.
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Which type of white blood cell produces specific antibodies against antigens?

  • A Neutrophils
  • B B lymphocytes
  • C Monocytes
  • D Cytotoxic T cells
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Correct Answer: Option B — B lymphocytes
Explanation: B lymphocytes or B cells are white blood cells that when activated by an antigen differentiate into plasma cells that produce large quantities of specific antibodies for humoral immunity.
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Which molecule carries genetic information in most organisms?

  • A RNA
  • B Protein
  • C Lipid
  • D DNA
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Correct Answer: Option D — DNA
Explanation: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) stores hereditary information in a double helix structure made of nucleotide bases. It is passed from parents to offspring and directs the synthesis of proteins through transcription and translation processes.
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Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants?

  • A Photosynthesis
  • B Respiration
  • C Nitrogen fixation
  • D Transpiration
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Correct Answer: Option C — Nitrogen fixation
Explanation: Nitrogen fixation is carried out by certain bacteria that convert inert atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia or related compounds usable by plants. This process is essential for building proteins and nucleic acids in living organisms.
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What is the term for the process by which plants make their own food using light energy?

  • A Respiration
  • B Fermentation
  • C Photosynthesis
  • D Digestion
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Correct Answer: Option C — Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. It occurs mainly in chloroplasts and sustains most life on Earth.
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Which process converts mRNA information into a protein sequence at ribosomes?

  • A Transcription
  • B Translation
  • C Replication
  • D Transduction
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Correct Answer: Option B — Translation
Explanation: Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order to synthesise a specific protein using tRNA molecules.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which process converts excess amino acids into urea in the liver for kidney excretion?

  • A Deamination
  • B Denaturation
  • C Gluconeogenesis
  • D Glycolysis
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Correct Answer: Option A — Deamination
Explanation: Deamination occurs in liver cells where the amino group is removed from excess amino acids and converted into urea which is then excreted by the kidneys in urine.
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30
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Which type of ecological succession begins on bare rock or sand where no soil exists?

  • A Secondary succession
  • B Allogenic succession
  • C Biotic succession
  • D Primary succession
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Correct Answer: Option D — Primary succession
Explanation: Primary succession occurs on bare substrates like bare rock lava fields or sand dunes where no soil or previous living community exists starting from pioneer species like lichens.
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Which vitamin is produced when human skin is exposed to sunlight?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin C
  • C Vitamin D
  • D Vitamin K
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Correct Answer: Option C — Vitamin D
Explanation: Sunlight triggers a chemical reaction in skin cells that converts a cholesterol derivative into Vitamin D. This vitamin is essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and proper immune system functioning in humans.
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Which type of nutrition involves organisms that feed on dead and decaying organic matter?

  • A Saprotrophic
  • B Autotrophic
  • C Holozoic
  • D Parasitic
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Correct Answer: Option A — Saprotrophic
Explanation: Saprotrophic nutrition involves organisms such as fungi and bacteria secreting digestive enzymes onto dead organic matter and absorbing the digested nutrients playing a key role in decomposition.
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What is the term for the loss of biodiversity due to species dying out completely?

  • A Migration
  • B Extinction
  • C Adaptation
  • D Hibernation
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Correct Answer: Option B — Extinction
Explanation: Extinction occurs when a species completely disappears from Earth, often due to habitat loss, climate change, or human activity. Once extinct, a species and its unique genetic contributions to biodiversity are permanently lost.
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Which molecule is the primary source of energy for most cellular activities?

  • A Protein
  • B DNA
  • C Glucose
  • D Cholesterol
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Correct Answer: Option C — Glucose
Explanation: Glucose is a simple sugar broken down during cellular respiration to release energy stored in its chemical bonds. This energy is captured as ATP, which powers essential cellular functions including movement, growth, and repair.
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What is the term for two different alleles for a trait in an organism?

  • A Homozygous
  • B Codominant
  • C Dominant
  • D Heterozygous
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Correct Answer: Option D — Heterozygous
Explanation: Heterozygous describes an organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene one dominant and one recessive with the dominant allele typically expressed in the phenotype.
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What is the two-part Latin naming system for organisms called?

  • A Phylogenetic classification
  • B Binomial nomenclature
  • C Cladistics
  • D Linnaean classification
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Correct Answer: Option B — Binomial nomenclature
Explanation: Binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming organisms using two Latin words the genus name and the species name developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century.
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Which part of a plant is primarily responsible for absorbing water from the soil?

  • A Stem
  • B Leaf
  • C Root
  • D Flower
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Correct Answer: Option C — Root
Explanation: Roots anchor plants in soil and absorb water and dissolved minerals through tiny root hairs that increase surface area. This absorbed water travels upward through xylem tissue to support photosynthesis and overall plant growth.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the complete set of chromosomes in a cell of an organism?

  • A Genome
  • B Karyotype
  • C Phenotype
  • D Genotype
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Correct Answer: Option B — Karyotype
Explanation: A karyotype is the complete set of chromosomes in a cell of an organism arranged and displayed in homologous pairs and used to diagnose chromosomal disorders.
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What is the term for the group of hormone-secreting glands in the body?

  • A Digestive system
  • B Endocrine system
  • C Excretory system
  • D Lymphatic system
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Correct Answer: Option B — Endocrine system
Explanation: The endocrine system comprises glands including the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones regulate vital processes such as growth, metabolism, mood, and reproductive functions.
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What is the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

  • A Protein synthesis
  • B Digestion of waste materials and cellular debris
  • C Energy production
  • D DNA storage
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Correct Answer: Option B — Digestion of waste materials and cellular debris
Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials damaged organelles and foreign substances through a process called autophagy.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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