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Biology MCQs

58 Questions Subject Test
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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
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1
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What is the term for two identical alleles for a trait in an organism?

  • A Homozygous
  • B Heterozygous
  • C Carrier
  • D Codominant
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Correct Answer: Option A — Homozygous
Explanation: Homozygous describes an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular gene either both dominant or both recessive determining the trait expressed in the phenotype.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
2
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Which structure connects muscles to bones in the human body?

  • A Ligament
  • B Tendon
  • C Cartilage
  • D Fascia
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Correct Answer: Option B — Tendon
Explanation: Tendons are tough, fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, transmitting the force generated by muscle contraction to produce skeletal movement. Ligaments, by contrast, connect bones to other bones at joints.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
3
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What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?

  • A Ionic bond
  • B Covalent bond
  • C Hydrogen bond
  • D Metallic bond
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Correct Answer: Option C — Hydrogen bond
Explanation: Hydrogen bonds form between complementary nitrogenous bases, adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine, holding the double helix structure together. These bonds are relatively weak, allowing DNA strands to separate during replication.
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4
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Which type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

  • A mRNA
  • B rRNA
  • C tRNA
  • D snRNA
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Correct Answer: Option C — tRNA
Explanation: Transfer RNA or tRNA is responsible for bringing specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation each tRNA has an anticodon that matches a codon on the mRNA.
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5
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What is the term for the variety of life on Earth including all species ecosystems and genetic variation?

  • A Evolution
  • B Biodiversity
  • C Ecology
  • D Taxonomy
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Correct Answer: Option B — Biodiversity
Explanation: Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth at all levels including genetic diversity species diversity and ecosystem diversity and is essential for ecosystem stability.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
6
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What is the scientific study of fungi called?

  • A Bacteriology
  • B Virology
  • C Mycology
  • D Botany
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Correct Answer: Option C — Mycology
Explanation: Mycology is the branch of biology dedicated to the scientific study of fungi including their genetics biochemistry ecology and taxonomy.
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7
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Which human organ is primarily responsible for filtering blood and producing urine?

  • A Liver
  • B Spleen
  • C Pancreas
  • D Kidney
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Correct Answer: Option D — Kidney
Explanation: Kidneys filter waste products and excess fluids from the bloodstream, forming urine for excretion. They also regulate blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and red blood cell production, making them vital for maintaining internal body stability.
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8
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What is the term for a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism?

  • A Mutation
  • B Adaptation
  • C Variation
  • D Allele
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Correct Answer: Option A — Mutation
Explanation: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism that can alter gene function and may be inherited by offspring potentially causing genetic disorders or driving evolution.
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9
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What is the term for the physical appearance or observable characteristics of an organism?

  • A Genome
  • B Genotype
  • C Karyotype
  • D Phenotype
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Correct Answer: Option D — Phenotype
Explanation: Phenotype refers to the observable physical and biochemical characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
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10
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Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes that produce the pigment responsible for skin colour?

  • A Dermis
  • B Hypodermis
  • C Stratum corneum
  • D Epidermis
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Correct Answer: Option D — Epidermis
Explanation: Melanocytes are found in the basal layer of the epidermis where they produce melanin the pigment responsible for skin hair and eye colour and for protection from UV radiation.
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11
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What is the term for the gradual process of change in the species composition of an ecosystem over time?

  • A Evolution
  • B Adaptation
  • C Migration
  • D Ecological succession
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Correct Answer: Option D — Ecological succession
Explanation: Ecological succession is the gradual and predictable process of change in species composition and community structure in an ecosystem over time toward a stable climax community.
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12
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Which type of immunity is present from birth and provides a non-specific first line of defence?

  • A Acquired immunity
  • B Active immunity
  • C Passive immunity
  • D Innate immunity
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Correct Answer: Option D — Innate immunity
Explanation: Innate immunity is the non-specific immune response present from birth providing the first line of defence through physical barriers inflammation and phagocytes against all pathogens.
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13
Easy css Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the term for an organism's habitat and role within an ecosystem?

  • A Habitat
  • B Niche
  • C Population
  • D Biome
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Correct Answer: Option B — Niche
Explanation: An ecological niche describes the specific role an organism plays in its environment, including resource use, interactions with other species, and habitat requirements. No two species can occupy the exact same niche indefinitely.
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14
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Which molecule is the primary energy currency of cells?

  • A ATP
  • B ADP
  • C NAD
  • D NADP
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Correct Answer: Option A — ATP
Explanation: ATP or adenosine triphosphate is the primary energy currency of cells storing and providing energy for all cellular processes including metabolism movement and biosynthesis.
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15
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Which molecule carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis?

  • A mRNA
  • B tRNA
  • C rRNA
  • D snRNA
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA or mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it serves as a template for protein synthesis through translation.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
16
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Which chromosomal disorder is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

  • A Turner syndrome
  • B Down syndrome
  • C Klinefelter syndrome
  • D Patau syndrome
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Correct Answer: Option B — Down syndrome
Explanation: Down syndrome also called trisomy 21 is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 resulting in intellectual disability and characteristic physical features.
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17
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Which enzyme in saliva begins the digestion of starch?

  • A Pepsin
  • B Amylase
  • C Lipase
  • D Trypsin
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Correct Answer: Option B — Amylase
Explanation: Salivary amylase begins breaking down starch molecules into simpler sugars while food is still being chewed in the mouth. This initial digestion continues briefly in the stomach until stomach acid deactivates the enzyme.
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18
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What is the process by which species change over time through natural selection?

  • A Adaptation
  • B Evolution
  • C Mutation
  • D Speciation
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Correct Answer: Option B — Evolution
Explanation: Evolution is the process by which populations of organisms change over successive generations through natural selection mutation genetic drift and gene flow.
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19
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What is the process by which organisms survive extreme heat and drought by entering a dormant state?

  • A Aestivation
  • B Hibernation
  • C Migration
  • D Dormancy only
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Correct Answer: Option A — Aestivation
Explanation: Aestivation is a state of dormancy similar to hibernation but entered during hot and dry summer conditions by animals like lungfish snails and some amphibians to prevent dehydration.
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20
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What is the term for an organism that carries a recessive allele but does not show the trait?

  • A Dominant
  • B Carrier
  • C Homozygous
  • D Heterozygous
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — Carrier
Explanation: A carrier is an organism that is heterozygous for a recessive allele meaning it carries one dominant and one recessive allele and does not express the recessive trait but can pass it to offspring.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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