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Biology MCQs

121 Questions Subject Test
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Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
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What happens to enzyme activity when temperature rises significantly above its optimum?

  • A Activity slows gradually then speeds up
  • B Activity remains constant
  • C Enzyme is denatured and loses activity
  • D Enzyme replicates to compensate
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — Enzyme is denatured and loses activity
Explanation: When temperature rises significantly above the optimum the enzyme is denatured meaning the active site changes shape so the substrate can no longer bind and activity is permanently lost.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
62
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Which vitamin is essential for the clotting of blood?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin C
  • C Vitamin E
  • D Vitamin K
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Correct Answer: Option D — Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting as it activates several clotting factors in the coagulation cascade and its deficiency can lead to excessive bleeding.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for species that have adapted to survive in extremely harsh environments?

  • A Extremophiles
  • B Endemic species
  • C Invasive species
  • D Keystone species
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Correct Answer: Option A — Extremophiles
Explanation: Extremophiles are organisms adapted to thrive in extreme environmental conditions such as high temperatures, acidity, or salinity. Examples include bacteria living near deep-sea hydrothermal vents and organisms surviving in highly acidic hot springs.
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Which structure in the cell is responsible for protein synthesis?

  • A Mitochondria
  • B Ribosome
  • C Golgi apparatus
  • D Lysosome
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Correct Answer: Option B — Ribosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating genetic instructions carried by messenger RNA. They can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Which process converts atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants?

  • A Photosynthesis
  • B Respiration
  • C Nitrogen fixation
  • D Transpiration
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Correct Answer: Option C — Nitrogen fixation
Explanation: Nitrogen fixation is carried out by certain bacteria that convert inert atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia or related compounds usable by plants. This process is essential for building proteins and nucleic acids in living organisms.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
66
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How many kingdoms are in the traditional five-kingdom system of classification?

  • A Three
  • B Five
  • C Four
  • D Six
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Correct Answer: Option B — Five
Explanation: The traditional five-kingdom system classifies all life into Monera Protista Fungi Plantae and Animalia based on cell type nutrition mode and body organisation.
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What is the term for organisms that can make their own food?

  • A Heterotrophs
  • B Autotrophs
  • C Decomposers
  • D Parasites
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Correct Answer: Option B — Autotrophs
Explanation: Autotrophs, such as green plants and some bacteria, synthesize their own organic compounds from inorganic substances using sunlight or chemical energy. They form the base of most food chains, supporting all other life forms.
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68
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Which process converts mRNA information into a protein sequence at ribosomes?

  • A Transcription
  • B Translation
  • C Replication
  • D Transduction
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Correct Answer: Option B — Translation
Explanation: Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order to synthesise a specific protein using tRNA molecules.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for organisms that feed on both plants and animals?

  • A Herbivores
  • B Carnivores
  • C Decomposers
  • D Omnivores
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Correct Answer: Option D — Omnivores
Explanation: Omnivores consume both plant and animal matter, allowing dietary flexibility and adaptability to varying food availability. Humans, bears, and many bird species are examples of omnivores that thrive on diverse nutritional sources.
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70
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What is the deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin C?

  • A Beriberi
  • B Pellagra
  • C Scurvy
  • D Rickets
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Correct Answer: Option C — Scurvy
Explanation: Scurvy is caused by Vitamin C deficiency resulting in impaired collagen synthesis which leads to bleeding gums joint pain poor wound healing and weakness.
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71
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Which gas do fish primarily extract from water using their gills?

  • A Oxygen
  • B Carbon dioxide
  • C Nitrogen
  • D Hydrogen
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Correct Answer: Option A — Oxygen
Explanation: Fish gills contain thin filaments rich in blood vessels that extract dissolved oxygen from water as it passes over them. This efficient gas exchange system allows fish to respire underwater without surfacing for air.
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Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

  • A A
  • B O negative
  • C B
  • D AB
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Correct Answer: Option B — O negative
Explanation: O negative blood lacks A, B, and Rh antigens, making it compatible with recipients of any blood type in emergency transfusions. This universal compatibility makes O negative blood especially valuable in medical emergencies and trauma care.
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73
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What is the term for organisms that can make their own food through photosynthesis?

  • A Decomposers
  • B Consumers
  • C Heterotrophs
  • D Autotrophs
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Correct Answer: Option D — Autotrophs
Explanation: Autotrophs are organisms that produce their own organic food from inorganic substances using energy from sunlight through photosynthesis or from chemicals through chemosynthesis.
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74
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Which reproductive method involves the fusion of male and female gametes?

  • A Asexual reproduction
  • B Budding
  • C Sexual reproduction
  • D Binary fission
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Correct Answer: Option C — Sexual reproduction
Explanation: Sexual reproduction involves the union of male and female gametes, combining genetic material from two parents to produce offspring with genetic variation. This process increases diversity, aiding species adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
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Which vitamin is produced when human skin is exposed to sunlight?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin C
  • C Vitamin D
  • D Vitamin K
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Correct Answer: Option C — Vitamin D
Explanation: Sunlight triggers a chemical reaction in skin cells that converts a cholesterol derivative into Vitamin D. This vitamin is essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and proper immune system functioning in humans.
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Which type of nutrition involves organisms that feed on dead and decaying organic matter?

  • A Saprotrophic
  • B Autotrophic
  • C Holozoic
  • D Parasitic
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Correct Answer: Option A — Saprotrophic
Explanation: Saprotrophic nutrition involves organisms such as fungi and bacteria secreting digestive enzymes onto dead organic matter and absorbing the digested nutrients playing a key role in decomposition.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for a genetically determined characteristic passed from parent to offspring?

  • A Trait
  • B Mutation
  • C Phenotype
  • D Adaptation
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Correct Answer: Option A — Trait
Explanation: A trait is a specific genetically determined characteristic, such as eye color or height, inherited from one or both parents. Traits are governed by genes located on chromosomes and can be dominant or recessive.
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What is the term for the symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed?

  • A Mutualism
  • B Parasitism
  • C Amensalism
  • D Commensalism
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Correct Answer: Option D — Commensalism
Explanation: Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped such as barnacles attaching to whales for transport.
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79
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What is the term for two different alleles for a trait in an organism?

  • A Homozygous
  • B Codominant
  • C Dominant
  • D Heterozygous
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Correct Answer: Option D — Heterozygous
Explanation: Heterozygous describes an organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene one dominant and one recessive with the dominant allele typically expressed in the phenotype.
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80
Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which structure in flowering plants contains ovules that develop into seeds after fertilisation?

  • A Stamen
  • B Petal
  • C Ovary
  • D Anther
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Correct Answer: Option C — Ovary
Explanation: The ovary is the female reproductive structure in flowering plants containing ovules that after fertilisation develop into seeds while the ovary wall develops into the surrounding fruit.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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