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Chemistry MCQs

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which organic functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

A Hydroxyl group
B Carboxyl group COOH
C Carbonyl group
D Amino group

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Correct Answer: Option B — Carboxyl group COOH

Explanation: The carboxyl group COOH is the functional group present in all carboxylic acids and is responsible for their acidic properties as it can donate a proton to a base.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the valency of carbon?

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Correct Answer: Option D — 4

Explanation: Carbon has a valency of 4, meaning it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms. This tetravalency allows carbon to create diverse and complex molecular structures, forming the basis of organic chemistry.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which gas is used in fire extinguishers to smother flames by displacing oxygen?

A Carbon dioxide
B Nitrogen
C Oxygen
D Water vapour

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Correct Answer: Option A — Carbon dioxide

Explanation: Carbon dioxide is used in fire extinguishers because it displaces oxygen around flames extinguishing the fire without leaving corrosive residue making it ideal for electrical fires.

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is saponification in chemistry?

A Making soap by reacting fats with a strong alkali
B Conversion of oils to alcohol
C Adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats
D Making esters from acids and alcohols

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Correct Answer: Option A — Making soap by reacting fats with a strong alkali

Explanation: Saponification is the process of making soap by reacting fats or oils with a strong alkali such as sodium hydroxide producing glycerol and soap molecules.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical name of the compound with formula Na2SO4?

A Sodium sulfite
B Sodium sulfate
C Sodium sulfide
D Sodium bisulfate

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Correct Answer: Option B — Sodium sulfate

Explanation: Na2SO4 is sodium sulfate also known as Glauber's salt and is used in the manufacture of detergents glass paper pulp and as a drying agent in organic chemistry.

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Medium fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which type of chemical formula shows the actual number of atoms in a molecule?

A Molecular formula
B Structural formula
C General formula
D Empirical formula

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Correct Answer: Option A — Molecular formula

Explanation: A molecular formula shows the exact number of atoms of each element present in a single molecule of a compound. Unlike the empirical formula, it does not simplify the ratio to the smallest whole numbers.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for ethanol the type of alcohol found in beverages?

A C2H5OH
B CH3OH
C C3H7OH
D C4H9OH

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Correct Answer: Option A — C2H5OH

Explanation: Ethanol has the chemical formula C2H5OH and is the type of alcohol produced by fermentation of sugars by yeast and is found in alcoholic beverages and used as a solvent.

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Medium fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which of the following is the strongest acid?

A Acetic acid
B Hydrochloric acid
C Carbonic acid
D Citric acid

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Correct Answer: Option B — Hydrochloric acid

Explanation: Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that completely dissociates in water to release hydrogen ions. It is found naturally in gastric juice and is widely used in industrial processes and laboratory settings for its high reactivity.

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

What is the chemical formula for ethanoic acid commonly found in vinegar?

A CH3COOH
B HCOOH
C CH3CH2COOH
D C3H7COOH

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Correct Answer: Option A — CH3COOH

Explanation: Ethanoic acid has the formula CH3COOH and is the simplest carboxylic acid after methanoic acid found in vinegar at 4-8 percent concentration giving it its sour taste.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for washing soda used in cleaning?

A NaHCO3
B NaCl
C Na2CO3
D NaOH

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Correct Answer: Option C — Na2CO3

Explanation: Washing soda is sodium carbonate Na2CO3 a water softener and cleaning agent used to remove grease and stains and is also used in glass making and paper production.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the valency of carbon that makes it the basis of organic chemistry?

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Correct Answer: Option C — 4

Explanation: Carbon has a valency of 4 meaning it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms allowing it to create an enormous variety of organic compounds through chains and rings.

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Medium fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs?

A Ionic bond
B Covalent bond
C Metallic bond
D Hydrogen bond

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Correct Answer: Option B — Covalent bond

Explanation: A covalent bond forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons to achieve stable electron configurations. This bond type is common between nonmetal atoms, as seen in molecules like water and methane.

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the general formula of alkanes where n is the number of carbon atoms?

A CnH2n
B CnH2n+2
C CnHn
D CnH2n-2

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Correct Answer: Option B — CnH2n+2

Explanation: Alkanes follow the general formula CnH2n plus 2 where each carbon forms four single bonds and the molecule is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms.

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Hard fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the standard unit of pressure in chemistry?

A Pascal
B Newton
C Joule
D Watt

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Correct Answer: Option A — Pascal

Explanation: The Pascal is the standard SI unit of pressure used in chemistry, defined as one newton per square meter. Pressure measurements are essential in understanding gas laws and reactions that occur under varying pressure conditions.

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which element is liquid at room temperature and is the only non-metal element in this state?

A Mercury
B Bromine
C Gallium
D Caesium

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Correct Answer: Option B — Bromine

Explanation: Bromine is the only non-metal element that exists as a liquid at room temperature appearing as a reddish-brown volatile liquid with a pungent irritating smell.

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is an isotope?

A Atoms of different elements with the same mass
B Atoms of the same element with different numbers of protons
C Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different neutrons
D Atoms of different elements with the same electrons

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Correct Answer: Option C — Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different neutrons

Explanation: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons resulting in different mass numbers but similar chemical properties.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the molecular formula of methane?

A CH2
B CH3
C CH4
D C2H6

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Correct Answer: Option C — CH4

Explanation: Methane has the molecular formula CH4, consisting of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is the simplest hydrocarbon and the primary component of natural gas used as a fuel source worldwide.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution?

A Decomposition
B Neutralisation
C Combustion
D Displacement

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Correct Answer: Option D — Displacement

Explanation: Displacement reactions occur when a more reactive metal replaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution as seen when iron displaces copper from copper sulfate solution.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction?

A Law of Definite Proportions
B Law of Multiple Proportions
C Law of Conservation of Mass
D Law of Combining Volumes

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Correct Answer: Option C — Law of Conservation of Mass

Explanation: The Law of Conservation of Mass proposed by Lavoisier states that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in any chemical reaction.

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of chemical bond involves atoms sharing electrons unequally due to difference in electronegativity?

A Non-polar covalent bond
B Polar covalent bond
C Metallic bond
D Ionic bond

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Correct Answer: Option B — Polar covalent bond

Explanation: A polar covalent bond forms when electrons are shared unequally between atoms of different electronegativities creating partial positive and negative charges on the molecule as in water.

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