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Chemistry MCQs

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the formula for calculating moles from mass and molar mass?

A Moles equals mass times molar mass
B Moles equals molar mass divided by mass
C Moles equals mass divided by molar mass
D Moles equals mass times volume

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Correct Answer: Option C — Moles equals mass divided by molar mass

Explanation: Moles are calculated by dividing the mass of a substance in grams by its molar mass in grams per mole providing the fundamental calculation in all stoichiometry problems.

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Medium nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the primary use of the element iodine in the human body?

A Blood clotting
B Muscle contraction
C Bone formation
D Thyroid hormone production

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Correct Answer: Option D — Thyroid hormone production

Explanation: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development in the human body. Iodine deficiency can lead to goiter and other thyroid-related health complications.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate found in limestone and chalk?

A CaSO4
B Ca(OH)2
C CaCl2
D CaCO3

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Correct Answer: Option D — CaCO3

Explanation: Calcium carbonate CaCO3 is the main component of limestone chalk and marble and is also found in shells of marine organisms and is used in construction and as an antacid.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

Which element is essential for synthesis of haemoglobin and its deficiency causes anaemia?

A Zinc
B Calcium
C Magnesium
D Iron

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Correct Answer: Option D — Iron

Explanation: Iron is an essential component of haemoglobin the protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen and its deficiency causes iron deficiency anaemia the most common nutritional disorder.

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the concentration of a solution measured in moles per litre called?

A Normality
B Molality
C Formality
D Molarity

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Correct Answer: Option D — Molarity

Explanation: Molarity is the measure of concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute dissolved per litre of solution with units of mol/L or M.

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Medium css Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the SI unit of amount of substance?

A Mole
B Litre
C Gram
D Kilogram

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Correct Answer: Option A — Mole

Explanation: The mole is the SI base unit for measuring the amount of substance, defined as containing exactly 6.02214076×10^23 elementary entities. It allows chemists to relate atomic-scale quantities to measurable macroscopic amounts.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for nitric acid used in fertiliser and explosive manufacturing?

A H2SO4
B HCl
C H3PO4
D HNO3

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Correct Answer: Option D — HNO3

Explanation: Nitric acid has the formula HNO3 and is a strong oxidising acid used in the production of fertilisers explosives and in metal etching processes.

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Which organic functional group is present in alcohols?

A Carbonyl group
B Hydroxyl group
C Carboxyl group
D Amino group

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Correct Answer: Option B — Hydroxyl group

Explanation: The hydroxyl group OH is the functional group present in all alcohols and is responsible for their characteristic properties such as being able to form hydrogen bonds with water.

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Medium fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the term for the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent?

A Solubility
B Density
C Molarity
D Concentration

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Correct Answer: Option D — Concentration

Explanation: Concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a specific quantity of solvent or solution. It can be expressed in various units such as molarity, molality, or percentage, depending on the application required.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the name of the vertical columns in the periodic table?

A Periods
B Blocks
C Groups
D Rows

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Correct Answer: Option C — Groups

Explanation: Groups are the vertical columns in the periodic table and elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons giving them similar chemical properties and reactivity.

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Medium css fpsc ppsc Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which process converts vegetable oils into solid fats by adding hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst?

A Saponification
B Hydrogenation
C Esterification
D Fermentation

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Correct Answer: Option B — Hydrogenation

Explanation: Hydrogenation adds hydrogen gas to unsaturated vegetable oils in the presence of a nickel catalyst converting carbon to carbon double bonds to single bonds producing solid margarine.

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Medium ppsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which element is commonly used in nuclear reactors as fuel?

A Uranium
B Carbon
C Lead
D Silicon

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Correct Answer: Option A — Uranium

Explanation: Uranium is widely used as fuel in nuclear reactors due to its ability to undergo nuclear fission, releasing large amounts of energy. This process is harnessed to generate electricity in nuclear power plants worldwide.

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Medium nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the electronic configuration of Neon (2-8-2)?

A 2-2-8
B 2-8
C 2-8-8
D 2-6-2

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Correct Answer: Option C — 2-8-8

Explanation: Neon has an atomic number of 10 and an electronic configuration of 2-8, meaning two electrons occupy the first shell and eight electrons fill the second shell completely, giving it a stable noble gas structure.

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Which indicator is colourless in acidic solution and pink in alkaline solution?

A Litmus
B Methyl orange
C Universal indicator
D Phenolphthalein

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Correct Answer: Option D — Phenolphthalein

Explanation: Phenolphthalein is colourless in acidic and neutral solutions but turns pink to magenta in alkaline solutions and is commonly used as an indicator in acid-base titrations.

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Medium pms Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which element is primarily used in nuclear power plants as fuel?

A Uranium
B Thorium
C Radium
D Plutonium

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Correct Answer: Option A — Uranium

Explanation: Uranium is the primary fuel used in nuclear power plants due to its ability to undergo controlled nuclear fission, releasing large amounts of energy. Uranium-235 is the specific isotope commonly used in reactor fuel rods.

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Which chemical process is used to extract metals from their ores using carbon or electrolysis?

A Reduction
B Oxidation
C Neutralisation
D Chromatography

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Correct Answer: Option A — Reduction

Explanation: Reduction is used to extract metals from their ores by removing oxygen using a reducing agent like carbon or by electrolysis for more reactive metals like aluminium.

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What is the process of adding electrons in a redox reaction called?

A Oxidation
B Reduction
C Ionization
D Neutralization

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Correct Answer: Option B — Reduction

Explanation: Reduction refers to the gain of electrons by a substance during a redox reaction, resulting in a decrease of its oxidation state. It always occurs simultaneously with oxidation in a coupled electron transfer process.

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Medium fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

What gas is produced when calcium carbonate is heated strongly in thermal decomposition?

A Oxygen
B Sulfur dioxide
C Carbon dioxide
D Carbon monoxide

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Correct Answer: Option C — Carbon dioxide

Explanation: Heating calcium carbonate strongly causes thermal decomposition producing calcium oxide quicklime and carbon dioxide gas a reaction widely used in cement production and lime kilns.

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What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

A Increases activation energy
B Is consumed by the reaction
C Changes the products formed
D Increases reaction rate without being consumed

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Correct Answer: Option D — Increases reaction rate without being consumed

Explanation: A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy and is not consumed or permanently changed during the process.

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Medium css Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the formula for calculating molarity?

A Moles/Volume in litres
B Mass/Volume
C Moles/Mass
D Volume/Moles

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Correct Answer: Option A — Moles/Volume in litres

Explanation: Molarity is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of solution in litres. It is a widely used concentration unit in chemistry expressed as mol/L or M.

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