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Biology MCQs

121 Questions Subject Test
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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
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What is the term for the study of interactions between organisms and their environment?

  • A Ecology
  • B Genetics
  • C Taxonomy
  • D Physiology
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Correct Answer: Option A — Ecology
Explanation: Ecology examines how living organisms interact with each other and their physical surroundings, including energy flow, nutrient cycles, and population dynamics. It helps scientists understand ecosystem health and the impacts of environmental change.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which chromosomal disorder is caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

  • A Turner syndrome
  • B Down syndrome
  • C Klinefelter syndrome
  • D Patau syndrome
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Correct Answer: Option B — Down syndrome
Explanation: Down syndrome also called trisomy 21 is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 resulting in intellectual disability and characteristic physical features.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which vitamin is essential for the formation of collagen and acts as an antioxidant?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin C
  • C Vitamin D
  • D Vitamin K
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Correct Answer: Option B — Vitamin C
Explanation: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis acting as a cofactor for enzymes that stabilise the collagen triple helix and its deficiency causes scurvy.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the process by which species change over time through natural selection?

  • A Adaptation
  • B Evolution
  • C Mutation
  • D Speciation
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Correct Answer: Option B — Evolution
Explanation: Evolution is the process by which populations of organisms change over successive generations through natural selection mutation genetic drift and gene flow.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which type of joint allows the widest range of movement in the human body?

  • A Ball and socket joint
  • B Hinge joint
  • C Pivot joint
  • D Fixed joint
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Correct Answer: Option A — Ball and socket joint
Explanation: Ball and socket joints, found in the shoulder and hip, allow rotational movement in nearly all directions due to their spherical structure fitting into a cup-shaped socket, providing exceptional flexibility compared to other joint types.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which type of muscle is under voluntary control and attached to bones to enable movement?

  • A Cardiac muscle
  • B Skeletal muscle
  • C Smooth muscle
  • D Involuntary muscle
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Correct Answer: Option B — Skeletal muscle
Explanation: Skeletal muscle also called striated or voluntary muscle is attached to bones via tendons and is under conscious control enabling all voluntary body movements and locomotion.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the bending of a plant toward light called?

  • A Geotropism
  • B Phototropism
  • C Hydrotropism
  • D Thigmotropism
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Correct Answer: Option B — Phototropism
Explanation: Phototropism is the growth response of a plant toward a light source caused by unequal distribution of auxin making cells on the shaded side elongate more than those on the lit side.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the division of the cell nucleus that results in two genetically identical daughter cells?

  • A Meiosis
  • B Fertilization
  • C Fission
  • D Mitosis
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Correct Answer: Option D — Mitosis
Explanation: Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell, essential for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in many organisms across the biological world.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the total genetic material present in an organism?

  • A Genotype
  • B Genome
  • C Phenotype
  • D Karyotype
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Correct Answer: Option B — Genome
Explanation: The genome comprises all the genetic material, including genes and non-coding sequences, found within an organism's cells. Mapping genomes, such as the Human Genome Project, has advanced understanding of genetic diseases and biological functions.
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What is the term for the symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit?

  • A Commensalism
  • B Parasitism
  • C Mutualism
  • D Amensalism
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Correct Answer: Option C — Mutualism
Explanation: Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms involved benefit from their interaction such as the relationship between bees and flowers.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which part of the human ear is responsible for maintaining balance?

  • A Cochlea
  • B Eardrum
  • C Ear lobe
  • D Semicircular canals
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Correct Answer: Option D — Semicircular canals
Explanation: The semicircular canals, located in the inner ear, contain fluid and sensory hair cells that detect changes in head position and rotational movement, sending signals to the brain to help maintain body balance and coordination.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for an organism that carries a recessive allele but does not show the trait?

  • A Dominant
  • B Carrier
  • C Homozygous
  • D Heterozygous
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Correct Answer: Option B — Carrier
Explanation: A carrier is an organism that is heterozygous for a recessive allele meaning it carries one dominant and one recessive allele and does not express the recessive trait but can pass it to offspring.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which blood group is known as the universal donor?

  • A AB positive
  • B A negative
  • C B negative
  • D O negative
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Correct Answer: Option D — O negative
Explanation: O negative blood is the universal donor type because it lacks A B and Rh antigens on red blood cells making it compatible for transfusion to recipients of any blood type.
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Which vitamin deficiency causes the disease scurvy?

  • A Vitamin A
  • B Vitamin B12
  • C Vitamin C
  • D Vitamin D
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Correct Answer: Option C — Vitamin C
Explanation: Scurvy results from a prolonged deficiency of Vitamin C, which is essential for collagen synthesis and wound healing. Symptoms include bleeding gums, joint pain, and fatigue, historically common among sailors on long voyages.
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Which disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affecting the lungs?

  • A Typhoid
  • B Cholera
  • C Malaria
  • D Tuberculosis
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Correct Answer: Option D — Tuberculosis
Explanation: Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affecting the lungs and spread through airborne droplets making it one of the world's deadliest infectious diseases.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the maximum population size an environment can sustainably support?

  • A Carrying capacity
  • B Population density
  • C Biomass
  • D Growth rate
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Correct Answer: Option A — Carrying capacity
Explanation: Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can support indefinitely given available resources such as food, water, and space, without causing long-term ecological degradation or collapse.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for a change in the DNA sequence of an organism?

  • A Replication
  • B Transcription
  • C Mutation
  • D Translation
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Correct Answer: Option C — Mutation
Explanation: A mutation is an alteration in the DNA sequence that can occur naturally or due to environmental factors like radiation. Mutations can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial, and they drive genetic diversity and evolution.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which part of the human brain controls balance and coordinates muscular movement?

  • A Cerebellum
  • B Cerebrum
  • C Medulla oblongata
  • D Thalamus
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Correct Answer: Option A — Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements maintains balance and posture and fine-tunes motor activities by processing information from the sensory systems and other brain areas.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for animals lacking a backbone?

  • A Vertebrates
  • B Mammals
  • C Amphibians
  • D Invertebrates
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Correct Answer: Option D — Invertebrates
Explanation: Invertebrates are animals without a vertebral column or backbone, comprising the vast majority of animal species on Earth. Examples include insects, mollusks, worms, and jellyfish, showing enormous diversity in form and habitat.
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What is the term for all the organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time?

  • A Community
  • B Ecosystem
  • C Population
  • D Biome
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Correct Answer: Option C — Population
Explanation: A population is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time who can interbreed and share genetic resources.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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