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Biology MCQs

121 Questions Subject Test
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Build a clear understanding of living organisms, cells, genetics, human systems and the environment through carefully selected practice questions.

Cell BiologyHuman PhysiologyGeneticsEcology
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What is the term for the physical appearance or observable characteristics of an organism?

  • A Genome
  • B Genotype
  • C Karyotype
  • D Phenotype
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Correct Answer: Option D — Phenotype
Explanation: Phenotype refers to the observable physical and biochemical characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Medium nts Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which layer of skin contains sweat glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels?

  • A Epidermis
  • B Dermis
  • C Hypodermis
  • D Subcutis
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Correct Answer: Option B — Dermis
Explanation: The dermis, located beneath the epidermis, houses structures including sweat glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings. It provides strength, elasticity, and support to the skin while regulating body temperature and sensation.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes that produce the pigment responsible for skin colour?

  • A Dermis
  • B Hypodermis
  • C Stratum corneum
  • D Epidermis
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Correct Answer: Option D — Epidermis
Explanation: Melanocytes are found in the basal layer of the epidermis where they produce melanin the pigment responsible for skin hair and eye colour and for protection from UV radiation.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which disease is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B1 affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems?

  • A Beriberi
  • B Scurvy
  • C Pellagra
  • D Rickets
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Correct Answer: Option A — Beriberi
Explanation: Beriberi is caused by Vitamin B1 or thiamine deficiency and affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems causing muscle weakness nerve damage and heart problems.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the region of a chromosome where sister chromatids join?

  • A Telomere
  • B Chromatid
  • C Centromere
  • D Nucleosome
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Correct Answer: Option C — Centromere
Explanation: The centromere is the constricted region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids are joined together. It plays a crucial role during cell division by serving as the attachment point for spindle fibers.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the process by which a caterpillar transforms into a butterfly called?

  • A Metamorphosis
  • B Germination
  • C Fertilization
  • D Pollination
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Correct Answer: Option A — Metamorphosis
Explanation: Metamorphosis is a biological process involving dramatic physical transformation during development. In complete metamorphosis, insects like butterflies pass through egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages, each with distinct forms and functions.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the gradual process of change in the species composition of an ecosystem over time?

  • A Evolution
  • B Adaptation
  • C Migration
  • D Ecological succession
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Correct Answer: Option D — Ecological succession
Explanation: Ecological succession is the gradual and predictable process of change in species composition and community structure in an ecosystem over time toward a stable climax community.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for organisms that cannot make their own food and must consume other organisms?

  • A Autotrophs
  • B Heterotrophs
  • C Producers
  • D Chemotrophs
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Correct Answer: Option B — Heterotrophs
Explanation: Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot synthesise their own food and must obtain energy and organic nutrients by consuming other organisms and include animals fungi and most bacteria.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color in humans?

  • A Hemoglobin
  • B Chlorophyll
  • C Keratin
  • D Melanin
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Correct Answer: Option D — Melanin
Explanation: Melanin is a pigment produced by specialized skin cells called melanocytes. It determines the color of skin, hair, and eyes, and also provides some protection against harmful ultraviolet radiation from sunlight exposure.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which hormone regulates the body's metabolic rate?

  • A Insulin
  • B Thyroxine
  • C Adrenaline
  • D Estrogen
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Correct Answer: Option B — Thyroxine
Explanation: Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, regulates metabolism by controlling how quickly cells use energy and produce heat. Imbalances in thyroxine levels can cause conditions such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, affecting overall body function.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

  • A Act as biological catalysts to speed up reactions
  • B Store genetic information
  • C Provide energy for reactions
  • D Transport oxygen in blood
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Correct Answer: Option A — Act as biological catalysts to speed up reactions
Explanation: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering activation energy without being consumed or permanently altered in the process.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which type of immunity is present from birth and provides a non-specific first line of defence?

  • A Acquired immunity
  • B Active immunity
  • C Passive immunity
  • D Innate immunity
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Correct Answer: Option D — Innate immunity
Explanation: Innate immunity is the non-specific immune response present from birth providing the first line of defence through physical barriers inflammation and phagocytes against all pathogens.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the term for the process of shedding an outer layer of skin, exoskeleton, or other covering?

  • A Metamorphosis
  • B Regeneration
  • C Hibernation
  • D Molting
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Correct Answer: Option D — Molting
Explanation: Molting is the periodic shedding of an outer covering such as skin, feathers, fur, or an exoskeleton, allowing organisms like insects, reptiles, and birds to grow, replace damaged structures, or adapt to seasonal changes.
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Which molecule is the primary energy currency of cells?

  • A ATP
  • B ADP
  • C NAD
  • D NADP
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Correct Answer: Option A — ATP
Explanation: ATP or adenosine triphosphate is the primary energy currency of cells storing and providing energy for all cellular processes including metabolism movement and biosynthesis.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which part of the eye is the coloured ring that controls pupil size regulating light entry?

  • A Cornea
  • B Retina
  • C Iris
  • D Lens
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Correct Answer: Option C — Iris
Explanation: The iris is the coloured muscular ring of the eye that controls the size of the pupil through the action of dilator and constrictor muscles regulating the amount of light entering the eye.
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What is the term for the process by which plants lose water vapour through their leaves?

  • A Photosynthesis
  • B Osmosis
  • C Transpiration
  • D Respiration
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Correct Answer: Option C — Transpiration
Explanation: Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapour through stomata in their leaves creating a suction force that draws water and minerals up from the roots.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which scientist developed the modern system of classification for organisms?

  • A Carl Linnaeus
  • B Charles Darwin
  • C Gregor Mendel
  • D Louis Pasteur
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Correct Answer: Option A — Carl Linnaeus
Explanation: Carl Linnaeus developed the modern system of biological classification and binomial nomenclature in the 18th century providing a universal system for naming and organising living organisms.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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Which gland is called the master gland of the endocrine system?

  • A Thyroid gland
  • B Pituitary gland
  • C Adrenal gland
  • D Pancreas
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Correct Answer: Option B — Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands including the thyroid adrenal and reproductive glands.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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What is the powerhouse process that produces ATP called?

  • A Photosynthesis
  • B Fermentation
  • C Cellular respiration
  • D Osmosis
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Correct Answer: Option C — Cellular respiration
Explanation: Cellular respiration breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy stored as ATP. This process occurs primarily in mitochondria and is essential for powering nearly all cellular activities in organisms.
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Which molecule carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis?

  • A mRNA
  • B tRNA
  • C rRNA
  • D snRNA
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Correct Answer: Option A — mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA or mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it serves as a template for protein synthesis through translation.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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