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Chemistry MCQs

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for ozone, the molecule that forms the protective layer in the stratosphere?

A O
B O2
C O3
D O4

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Correct Answer: Option C — O3

Explanation: Ozone has the chemical formula O3 consisting of three oxygen atoms and forms the stratospheric ozone layer that absorbs harmful UV radiation protecting life on Earth.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the common name for sodium bicarbonate?

A Caustic soda
B Washing soda
C Baking soda
D Bleaching powder

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Correct Answer: Option C — Baking soda

Explanation: Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda, used widely in cooking as a leavening agent. It reacts with acids to release carbon dioxide gas, which causes dough to rise during baking.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

What is the IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-OH the simplest alcohol found in beverages?

A Methanol
B Propanol
C Butanol
D Ethanol

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Correct Answer: Option D — Ethanol

Explanation: Ethanol also written as C2H5OH is the simplest alcohol produced by fermentation of sugars and is found in alcoholic beverages used as a solvent and as a biofuel.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which test is used to detect the presence of starch using iodine solution?

A Benedict's test
B Biuret test
C Iodine test
D Flame test

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Correct Answer: Option C — Iodine test

Explanation: The iodine test detects starch by turning iodine solution from yellow-brown to blue-black in the presence of starch due to the triiodide ion fitting within the starch helix.

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Easy nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the chemical name for vinegar's active ingredient?

A Formic acid
B Citric acid
C Ethanol
D Acetic acid

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Correct Answer: Option D — Acetic acid

Explanation: The active ingredient in vinegar is acetic acid, a weak organic acid produced through the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria. It gives vinegar its distinctive sour taste and preservative properties.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which element is a liquid at room temperature and is used in thermometers?

A Bromine
B Gallium
C Mercury
D Caesium

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Correct Answer: Option C — Mercury

Explanation: Mercury is a metal that remains liquid at room temperature with a melting point of minus 38.8 degrees Celsius and has been traditionally used in thermometers and barometers.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which acid is present in the human stomach to aid digestion?

A Sulfuric acid
B Nitric acid
C Acetic acid
D Hydrochloric acid

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Correct Answer: Option D — Hydrochloric acid

Explanation: Hydrochloric acid HCl is secreted by the stomach lining to aid protein digestion by activating pepsin and also kills most bacteria ingested with food.

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Easy nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the term for substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances?

A Compounds
B Mixtures
C Elements
D Solutions

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Correct Answer: Option C — Elements

Explanation: Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, as they consist of only one type of atom. There are 118 known elements listed in the periodic table.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which particle is found in the nucleus of an atom along with the neutron?

A Electron
B Photon
C Proton
D Ion

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Correct Answer: Option C — Proton

Explanation: Protons reside in the nucleus of an atom alongside neutrons, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The number of protons determines the atomic number and identity of an element on the periodic table.

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Easy ppsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the process of converting a solid directly to a gas called?

A Evaporation
B Condensation
C Sublimation
D Deposition

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Correct Answer: Option C — Sublimation

Explanation: Sublimation is the phase transition where a substance changes directly from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state. Dry ice and iodine crystals are common examples of substances that sublime at normal pressure.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the valency of carbon?

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Correct Answer: Option D — 4

Explanation: Carbon has a valency of 4, meaning it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms. This tetravalency allows carbon to create diverse and complex molecular structures, forming the basis of organic chemistry.

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Easy css Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which of these is an example of a physical change?

A Burning wood
B Rusting iron
C Baking a cake
D Melting ice

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Correct Answer: Option D — Melting ice

Explanation: Melting ice is a physical change because the water molecules remain chemically the same; only the state changes from solid to liquid. Burning, rusting, and baking all involve chemical reactions that form new substances.

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Easy nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which subatomic particle has no charge?

A Proton
B Electron
C Neutron
D Positron

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Correct Answer: Option C — Neutron

Explanation: Neutrons are electrically neutral subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom alongside protons. They contribute to atomic mass but do not affect the atom's charge or its chemical bonding behavior.

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Easy nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which of the following is an alkaline earth metal?

A Potassium
B Sodium
C Calcium
D Aluminium

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Correct Answer: Option C — Calcium

Explanation: Calcium belongs to Group 2 of the periodic table, classified as alkaline earth metals. These elements have two valence electrons and are less reactive than alkali metals but still readily form +2 ions in compounds.

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Easy ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for common table salt?

A KCl
B CaCl2
C MgCl2
D NaCl

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Correct Answer: Option D — NaCl

Explanation: Common table salt has the chemical formula NaCl or sodium chloride formed from the ionic bond between positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions.

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Easy nts Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the atomic number of an element determined by?

A Number of neutrons
B Number of protons
C Number of electrons
D Atomic mass

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Correct Answer: Option B — Number of protons

Explanation: The atomic number of an element is determined by the number of protons present in its nucleus. This number uniquely identifies each element and determines its position in the periodic table and chemical behavior.

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Easy ppsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which of the following is an example of a covalent compound?

A Calcium oxide
B Magnesium chloride
C Sodium chloride
D Water

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Correct Answer: Option D — Water

Explanation: Water is an example of a covalent compound because its hydrogen and oxygen atoms share electrons rather than transferring them completely. This molecular structure gives water its unique properties such as high surface tension.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the molecular formula of methane?

A CH2
B CH3
C CH4
D C2H6

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Correct Answer: Option C — CH4

Explanation: Methane has the molecular formula CH4, consisting of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is the simplest hydrocarbon and the primary component of natural gas used as a fuel source worldwide.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the process by which plants use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose using sunlight?

A Respiration
B Transpiration
C Photosynthesis
D Decomposition

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Correct Answer: Option C — Photosynthesis

Explanation: Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen in the chloroplasts of plant cells following the equation 6CO2 plus 6H2O giving C6H12O6 plus 6O2.

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Easy ppsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which reaction type involves the combination of two or more substances to form a single product?

A Decomposition reaction
B Combination reaction
C Displacement reaction
D Double displacement reaction

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Correct Answer: Option B — Combination reaction

Explanation: A combination reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single new product. A common example is the formation of water from the combination of hydrogen and oxygen gases under appropriate conditions.

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