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Mathematics MCQs

MCQs on Algebra, Calculus, Statistics and Geometry

47 Questions
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Prepare Mathematics with confidence

Develop speed and accuracy in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, percentages, ratios and other quantitative concepts.

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1
Medium css fpsc ppsc nts

What is the expansion of (a-b)²?

  • A a² + b²
  • B a² - b²
  • C a² + 2ab + b²
  • D a² - 2ab + b²
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option D — a² - 2ab + b²
Explanation: (a-b)² = a² - 2ab + b². Along with (a+b)² = a²+2ab+b² and (a+b)(a-b) = a²-b² these form the three core algebraic identities. Recognizing which identity applies enables rapid expansion and factoring of algebraic expressions in competitive exam algebra sections saving significant time.
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2
Medium css fpsc ppsc nts

What is the slope of a line perpendicular to y = 2x + 3?

  • A 2
  • B -2
  • C 1/2
  • D -1/2
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Correct Answer: Option D — -1/2
Explanation: Slope of y=2x+3 is 2. Perpendicular slope = negative reciprocal = -1/2. Two lines are perpendicular when product of slopes = -1: 2×(-1/2)=-1. This condition is used in problems involving altitudes normals to curves and orthogonal intersections in coordinate geometry questions.
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3
Medium css fpsc ppsc

The sum of an infinite geometric series with first term 1 and ratio 1/2 is?

  • A 1
  • B 2
  • C 3
  • D 4
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Correct Answer: Option B — 2
Explanation: Sum = a/(1-r) = 1/(1-0.5) = 1/0.5 = 2. The series 1+1/2+1/4+1/8+... converges to 2. The condition |r|<1 must hold for convergence. Infinite geometric series appear in competitive exam algebra and also model real-world phenomena like bouncing balls and repeating decimal conversions.
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4
Medium css fpsc ppsc

If f(x) = x² - 4 what are the zeros of f(x)?

  • A x = ±1
  • B x = ±2
  • C x = ±3
  • D x = ±4
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Correct Answer: Option B — x = ±2
Explanation: Set f(x) = 0: x²-4 = 0 → x² = 4 → x = ±2. Zeros are x-values where the function crosses the x-axis. For quadratics zeros can be found by factoring completing the square or the quadratic formula. Finding zeros is fundamental for graphing analyzing and applying polynomial functions in competitive mathematics.
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5
Medium css fpsc ppsc

If variance of a data set is 25 what is the standard deviation?

  • A 5
  • B 10
  • C 15
  • D 25
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Correct Answer: Option A — 5
Explanation: Standard deviation = √variance = √25 = 5. Variance is the average of squared deviations from the mean. Standard deviation being the square root is expressed in the same units as the original data making it more interpretable. Both quantify data spread and appear in statistics-based competitive exam questions.
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6
Medium fpsc ppsc nts

What is the nth term of arithmetic sequence 3 7 11 15?

  • A 4n-1
  • B 4n+1
  • C 3n+1
  • D 2n+3
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Correct Answer: Option A — 4n-1
Explanation: First term a=3 common difference d=4. nth term = a+(n-1)d = 3+4(n-1) = 4n-1. Verification: n=1→3 n=2→7 n=3→11 confirms correctness. Finding nth term formulas for arithmetic sequences is essential for sequences and series questions in competitive exams and is also used in salary progression and installment problems.
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7
Medium css fpsc ppsc

What is the equation of a circle centered at origin with radius r?

  • A x² + y² = r
  • B x² - y² = r²
  • C x² + y² = r²
  • D x + y = r²
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Correct Answer: Option C — x² + y² = r²
Explanation: Standard equation of circle at origin: x²+y² = r². For center (h k): (x-h)²+(y-k)² = r². Circle equations including finding center and radius from general form and tangent line conditions are standard coordinate geometry topics in higher competitive exam papers including CSS and PMS.
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8
Medium css fpsc ppsc

Solve the absolute value equation: |2x - 3| = 7

  • A x=5 or x=-2
  • B x=5 or x=2
  • C x=-5 or x=2
  • D x=4 or x=-2
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — x=5 or x=-2
Explanation: Two cases: 2x-3=7 → x=5 or 2x-3=-7 → x=-2. Absolute value equations always yield two cases. This concept appears in both equation and inequality forms in competitive exams. Always solve both cases and verify each solution satisfies the original equation to avoid extraneous solutions.
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9
Medium css fpsc ppsc

What is the value of log(ab) in terms of log a and log b?

  • A log a - log b
  • B log a × log b
  • C log a + log b
  • D log a / log b
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — log a + log b
Explanation: log(ab) = log a + log b is the product rule of logarithms. The three fundamental log rules: log(ab)=log a+log b (product) log(a/b)=log a-log b (quotient) log(aⁿ)=n×log a (power). These rules simplify complex logarithmic expressions and are heavily tested in competitive exam algebra.
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10
Medium css fpsc ppsc

If f(x) = 2x² + 3x - 5 what is f(2)?

  • A 9
  • B 10
  • C 11
  • D 13
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — 9
Explanation: f(2) = 2(4) + 3(2) - 5 = 8 + 6 - 5 = 9. Function evaluation requires substituting the given value and simplifying carefully following order of operations. This skill is fundamental for calculus topics and appears in algebra sections of competitive exams testing polynomial function evaluation.
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11
Medium css fpsc ppsc

What is the value of C(5 2)?

  • A 5
  • B 10
  • C 15
  • D 20
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — 10
Explanation: f(2) = 2(2²) + 3(2) - 5 = 8 + 6 - 5 = 9. Function evaluation requires substituting the given input value and carefully following order of operations. This skill is essential for polynomial and composite functions and appears in algebra and pre-calculus sections of competitive exams testing structured algebraic manipulation.
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12
Medium css fpsc ppsc

What is the geometric mean of 4 and 16?

  • A 6
  • B 8
  • C 10
  • D 12
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — 8
Explanation: Geometric mean = √(a×b) = √(4×16) = √64 = 8. Geometric mean is appropriate for data involving ratios or multiplicative growth unlike arithmetic mean for additive data. The geometric mean always lies between the arithmetic mean (10) and harmonic mean of the same two numbers.
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13
Medium fpsc ppsc nts

The price after 20% discount is Rs 400. What was the original price?

  • A Rs 480
  • B Rs 500
  • C Rs 520
  • D Rs 540
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Correct Answer: Option B — Rs 500
Explanation: 0.8P = 400 → P = 500. Finding the original price before discount requires dividing by (1 - discount rate). Adding 20% to 400 gives the wrong answer. This is a common trap in competitive exams. Always divide by the remaining percentage fraction to find the original pre-discount price.
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14
Medium fpsc ppsc nts

What is the sum of interior angles of a hexagon?

  • A 540°
  • B 720°
  • C 900°
  • D 1080°
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — 720°
Explanation: Sum of interior angles = (n-2)×180°. For hexagon n=6: (6-2)×180° = 4×180° = 720°. This formula applies to all convex polygons. Each interior angle of a regular hexagon = 720°/6 = 120°. Polygon angle formulas are standard geometry topics in competitive exams at all levels.
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15
Medium fpsc ppsc nts

If the radius of a circle is doubled what happens to its area?

  • A Doubles
  • B Triples
  • C Quadruples
  • D Remains same
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Correct Answer: Option C — Quadruples
Explanation: Area = πr². If radius becomes 2r: new area = π(2r)² = 4πr² which is 4 times the original. When linear dimensions scale by factor k areas scale by k² and volumes by k³. This scaling relationship is tested in geometry problems involving similar figures and scale models in competitive exams.
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16
Medium fpsc ppsc nts

A sum doubles itself in 8 years at simple interest. What is the rate?

  • A 10%
  • B 12.5%
  • C 15%
  • D 20%
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — 12.5%
Explanation: If principal = P then SI = P (since it doubles). SI = P×R×8/100 → P = P×R×8/100 → R = 100/8 = 12.5%. When money doubles at simple interest Rate = 100/Time. This relationship is a frequently tested shortcut in competitive exam problems about doubling or tripling periods.
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17
Medium css fpsc ppsc nts

Find the roots of x² - 5x + 6 = 0

  • A x=1 and x=6
  • B x=2 and x=3
  • C x=3 and x=4
  • D x=2 and x=4
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — x=2 and x=3
Explanation: Factoring: find two numbers multiplying to 6 and adding to -5 which are -2 and -3. So (x-2)(x-3) = 0 giving x=2 and x=3. Factoring is the fastest method when roots are rational integers. When factoring fails the quadratic formula provides a reliable universal method for finding roots.
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18
Medium fpsc ppsc nts

A clock shows 3:00. What is the angle between the hour and minute hands?

  • A 45°
  • B 60°
  • C 90°
  • D 120°
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option C — 90°
Explanation: At 3:00 the minute hand is at 12 (0°) and the hour hand is at 3 (3×30°=90°). Angle = 90°. Each hour mark represents 30° and each minute represents 6°. Clock angle problems are popular in competitive aptitude tests requiring knowledge of how both hands move relative to each other.
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19
Medium fpsc ppsc nts

If 2 to the power x equals 64 what is x?

  • A 5
  • B 6
  • C 7
  • D 8
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — 6
Explanation: 64 = 2⁶ so x = 6. When bases are equal the exponents must be equal. Recognizing powers of common bases (2 3 5 10) enables quick solutions. Such exponential equations appear in algebra sections of competitive exams requiring rapid mental identification of the correct power.
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20
Medium fpsc ppsc nts

What is 30% of 40% of 500?

  • A 50
  • B 60
  • C 70
  • D 80
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option B — 60
Explanation: 40% of 500 = 200. 30% of 200 = 60. Successive percentages require applying one percentage to the result of another. This type appears in successive discount problems population growth and data interpretation. Never add the percentages directly as 70% of 500 gives the wrong answer of 350.
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