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Chemistry MCQs

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Practice the essential concepts of matter, atomic structure, chemical reactions, bonding and everyday applications of chemistry.

Atomic StructureChemical BondingReactionsOrganic Chemistry
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What does Avogadro's number represent?

  • A Number of atoms in 1 gram of hydrogen
  • B Number of particles in one mole of a substance
  • C Number of molecules in 1 litre of gas
  • D Number of protons in a nucleus
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Correct Answer: Option B — Number of particles in one mole of a substance
Explanation: Avogadro's number is approximately 6.022 x 10 to the power 23 and represents the number of atoms molecules or ions contained in one mole of any substance.
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Which of these elements is a halogen?

  • A Neon
  • B Chlorine
  • C Sodium
  • D Calcium
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Correct Answer: Option B — Chlorine
Explanation: Chlorine belongs to the halogen group, group 17 of the periodic table. Halogens are highly reactive nonmetals that readily form salts with metals, and chlorine is widely used for water purification and disinfection.
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Which process hardens rubber by adding sulfur making it stronger and more elastic?

  • A Vulcanisation
  • B Saponification
  • C Hydrogenation
  • D Polymerisation
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Correct Answer: Option A — Vulcanisation
Explanation: Vulcanisation is the process of treating rubber with sulfur at high temperature creating cross-links between polymer chains making the rubber harder more durable and resistant to temperature changes.
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What is formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid?

  • A Ester and water
  • B Salt and water
  • C Soap
  • D Alkene and water
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Correct Answer: Option A — Ester and water
Explanation: When an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid an esterification reaction occurs producing an ester and water and this reaction requires an acid catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid.
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Which law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed?

  • A Law of Conservation of Mass
  • B Law of Multiple Proportions
  • C Avogadro's Law
  • D Law of Definite Proportions
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Correct Answer: Option A — Law of Conservation of Mass
Explanation: The Law of Conservation of Mass, formulated by Antoine Lavoisier, states that mass remains constant in a closed system during a chemical reaction. This principle underlies all stoichiometric calculations in chemistry.
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What is the term for a substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed?

  • A Reactant
  • B Solvent
  • C Product
  • D Catalyst
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Correct Answer: Option D — Catalyst
Explanation: A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required, without being permanently altered or consumed in the process. Catalysts are widely used in industrial and biological reactions.
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