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FPSC MCQs

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211
Chemistry Medium

Which type of reaction in organic chemistry involves replacing a hydrogen atom with another atom or group?

  • AElimination
  • BSubstitution
  • CAddition
  • DHydrolysis
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Correct Answer: Option B — Substitution
Explanation: Substitution reactions replace one atom or group in a molecule with another as seen when chlorine substitutes hydrogen in methane under UV light producing chloromethane.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
212
Chemistry Medium

What is the formula for calculating moles from mass and molar mass?

  • AMoles equals mass times molar mass
  • BMoles equals molar mass divided by mass
  • CMoles equals mass divided by molar mass
  • DMoles equals mass times volume
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Correct Answer: Option C — Moles equals mass divided by molar mass
Explanation: Moles are calculated by dividing the mass of a substance in grams by its molar mass in grams per mole providing the fundamental calculation in all stoichiometry problems.
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213
Chemistry Medium

Which process is used to separate crude oil into useful fractions based on different boiling points?

  • AFractional distillation
  • BChromatography
  • CCrystallisation
  • DFiltration
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Correct Answer: Option A — Fractional distillation
Explanation: Fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions with different boiling points in a fractionating column producing petrol kerosene diesel lubricating oil and bitumen.
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214
Chemistry Medium

Which element is liquid at room temperature and is the only non-metal element in this state?

  • AMercury
  • BBromine
  • CGallium
  • DCaesium
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Correct Answer: Option B — Bromine
Explanation: Bromine is the only non-metal element that exists as a liquid at room temperature appearing as a reddish-brown volatile liquid with a pungent irritating smell.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
215
Chemistry Hard

What is the term for the energy required to remove one electron from a gaseous atom?

  • AElectron affinity
  • BElectronegativity
  • CLattice energy
  • DIonisation energy
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Correct Answer: Option D — Ionisation energy
Explanation: Ionisation energy is the minimum energy required to remove one electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state with first ionisation energy increasing across a period and decreasing down a group.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
216
Chemistry Hard

Which element in Group 1 of the periodic table reacts most vigorously with water?

  • ALithium
  • BSodium
  • CCaesium
  • DPotassium
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Correct Answer: Option C — Caesium
Explanation: Caesium the heaviest stable Group 1 alkali metal reacts most vigorously with water due to its large atomic radius and low ionisation energy resulting in an explosive reaction.
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217
Chemistry Medium

Which type of organic reaction involves the addition of bromine water across a carbon to carbon double bond?

  • AAddition
  • BSubstitution
  • CElimination
  • DHydrolysis
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Correct Answer: Option A — Addition
Explanation: Addition reactions involve adding molecules across the carbon to carbon double bond of an alkene such as the decolourisation of bromine water used as a test for unsaturation.
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218
Chemistry Medium

What is formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid?

  • AEster and water
  • BSalt and water
  • CSoap
  • DAlkene and water
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Correct Answer: Option A — Ester and water
Explanation: When an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid an esterification reaction occurs producing an ester and water and this reaction requires an acid catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid.
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219
Chemistry Medium

Which organic functional group is present in carboxylic acids?

  • AHydroxyl group
  • BCarboxyl group COOH
  • CCarbonyl group
  • DAmino group
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Correct Answer: Option B — Carboxyl group COOH
Explanation: The carboxyl group COOH is the functional group present in all carboxylic acids and is responsible for their acidic properties as it can donate a proton to a base.
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220
Chemistry Medium

Which organic functional group is present in alcohols?

  • ACarbonyl group
  • BHydroxyl group
  • CCarboxyl group
  • DAmino group
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Correct Answer: Option B — Hydroxyl group
Explanation: The hydroxyl group OH is the functional group present in all alcohols and is responsible for their characteristic properties such as being able to form hydrogen bonds with water.
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