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FPSC MCQs

Federal Public Service Commission — Complete MCQ Bank

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FPSC recruitment tests assess subject knowledge, general ability and job-related competence for federal government positions across Pakistan.

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191
Biology Easy

Which scientist is known as the Father of Genetics?

  • ACharles Darwin
  • BGregor Mendel
  • CLouis Pasteur
  • DAristotle
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Correct Answer: Option B — Gregor Mendel
Explanation: Gregor Mendel is known as the Father of Genetics for his pioneering experiments on pea plants in the 1860s that established the fundamental laws of heredity and trait inheritance.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
192
Biology Easy

What is the process by which organisms break down glucose to release energy?

  • ADigestion
  • BPhotosynthesis
  • CCellular respiration
  • DTranspiration
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Correct Answer: Option C — Cellular respiration
Explanation: Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP carbon dioxide and water releasing energy for cellular activities.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
193
Biology Easy

Which pigment in plants absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?

  • AChlorophyll
  • BMelanin
  • CHaemoglobin
  • DKeratin
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Correct Answer: Option A — Chlorophyll
Explanation: Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs sunlight primarily in the red and blue wavelengths to drive the process of photosynthesis.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
194
Biology Easy

What is the process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight?

  • ARespiration
  • BTranspiration
  • CPhotosynthesis
  • DFermentation
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Correct Answer: Option C — Photosynthesis
Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen in chloroplasts through light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
195
Biology Medium

Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA?

  • ACharles Darwin and Gregor Mendel
  • BRobert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  • CJames Watson and Francis Crick
  • DLouis Pasteur and Robert Koch
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Correct Answer: Option C — James Watson and Francis Crick
Explanation: James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helix structure of DNA in 1953 using X-ray diffraction data from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
196
Biology Easy

What is the full form of DNA?

  • ADeoxyribose Nucleic Acid
  • BDi-nitrogen Acid
  • CDinucleic Acid
  • DDeoxyribonucleic Acid
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Correct Answer: Option D — Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Explanation: DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid and is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development functioning growth and reproduction of all known organisms.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
197
Biology Medium

Which type of cell division produces gametes with half the chromosome number?

  • ABudding
  • BMeiosis
  • CMitosis
  • DBinary fission
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Correct Answer: Option B — Meiosis
Explanation: Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces four genetically diverse gametes each containing half the chromosome number of the parent cell ensuring genetic diversity in sexual reproduction.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
198
Biology Easy

What is the process by which cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells?

  • AMeiosis
  • BBinary fission
  • CMitosis
  • DBudding
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Correct Answer: Option C — Mitosis
Explanation: Mitosis is the type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell and is responsible for growth tissue repair and asexual reproduction.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
199
Biology Easy

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

  • ANucleus
  • BRibosome
  • CMitochondria
  • DGolgi apparatus
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Correct Answer: Option C — Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP through the process of cellular respiration providing energy for all cellular activities.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
200
Biology Easy

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

  • ATissue
  • BOrgan
  • CNucleus
  • DCell
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Correct Answer: Option D — Cell
Explanation: The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms as proposed in the cell theory formulated by Schleiden Schwann and Virchow in the 19th century.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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