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Physics MCQs

127 Questions Subject Test
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Practice core concepts of measurement, motion, force, energy, waves, electricity, magnetism and modern physics.

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Which experiment proved that the atom has a small dense positively charged nucleus?

  • A Rutherford's gold foil experiment
  • B Millikan's oil drop experiment
  • C Young's double slit experiment
  • D Michelson-Morley experiment
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Correct Answer: Option A — Rutherford's gold foil experiment
Explanation: Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1909 proved that atoms have a small dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space through which alpha particles passed.
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Which law relates the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature?

  • A Charles's Law
  • B Boyle's Law
  • C Gay-Lussac's Law
  • D Avogadro's Law
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Correct Answer: Option B — Boyle's Law
Explanation: Boyle's Law states that at constant temperature, the pressure of a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to its volume. As volume decreases, pressure increases proportionally, and vice versa, for an ideal gas.
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What causes the phenomenon of a rainbow?

  • A Refraction and dispersion of light
  • B Reflection of light
  • C Diffraction of light
  • D Polarization of light
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Correct Answer: Option A — Refraction and dispersion of light
Explanation: Rainbows form due to the refraction, internal reflection, and dispersion of sunlight within water droplets in the atmosphere. As white light enters a droplet, it refracts and splits into its constituent colors, creating the familiar arc of colors.
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Doping a semiconductor involves:

  • A Cooling it to absolute zero
  • B Removing all impurities
  • C Adding impurities to alter its conductivity
  • D Heating it to extreme temperatures
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Correct Answer: Option C — Adding impurities to alter its conductivity
Explanation: Doping is the deliberate process of adding small, controlled amounts of impurity atoms into a pure semiconductor material to modify and enhance its electrical conductivity for use in electronic devices.
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25
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What is the angle of incidence when a ray of light undergoes total internal reflection?

  • A Less than the critical angle
  • B Equal to 90 degrees
  • C Greater than the critical angle
  • D Equal to 45 degrees
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Correct Answer: Option C — Greater than the critical angle
Explanation: Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a denser to a rarer medium and the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle causing all light to be reflected back.
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Which phenomenon causes a spinning top to precess rather than fall over immediately?

  • A Conservation of energy
  • B Magnetic force
  • C Gyroscopic effect
  • D Centripetal force only
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Correct Answer: Option C — Gyroscopic effect
Explanation: The gyroscopic effect causes a spinning top to precess slowly around a vertical axis rather than falling over because its angular momentum resists changes to its orientation.
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Potential energy due to height is given by the formula:

  • A mgh
  • B Fd
  • C mv
  • D (1/2)mv^2
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Correct Answer: Option A — mgh
Explanation: Gravitational potential energy is calculated as mass multiplied by gravitational acceleration multiplied by height (mgh), representing the energy stored in an object due to its vertical position relative to a reference point.
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Which law states that energy radiated by a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its temperature?

  • A Stefan-Boltzmann Law
  • B Boltzmann's Law
  • C Wien's Law
  • D Newton's Cooling Law
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Correct Answer: Option A — Stefan-Boltzmann Law
Explanation: The Stefan-Boltzmann Law states that total energy radiated per unit area of a black body is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature expressed as P equals sigma T to the power 4.
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29
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Which law states that planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus?

  • A Newton's Law of Gravitation
  • B Galileo's Law of Motion
  • C Kepler's First Law
  • D Hubble's Law
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Correct Answer: Option C — Kepler's First Law
Explanation: Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion states that all planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths with the sun located at one of the two foci of the ellipse.
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Which type of radioactive decay involves the emission of a helium nucleus?

  • A Beta decay
  • B Gamma decay
  • C Neutron emission
  • D Alpha decay
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Correct Answer: Option D — Alpha decay
Explanation: Alpha decay occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle, consisting of two protons and two neutrons, equivalent to a helium nucleus. This process reduces the atomic number by two and mass number by four.
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Nuclear reactors typically use which element as fuel?

  • A Carbon
  • B Hydrogen
  • C Uranium
  • D Oxygen
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Correct Answer: Option C — Uranium
Explanation: Nuclear reactors commonly use uranium, particularly the isotope uranium-235, as fuel because its nucleus can undergo controlled fission reactions, releasing large amounts of thermal energy used to generate electricity.
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The photoelectric effect was explained by:

  • A Newton
  • B Faraday
  • C Einstein
  • D Maxwell
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Correct Answer: Option C — Einstein
Explanation: Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric effect in 1905 by proposing that light consists of discrete packets of energy called photons, a discovery for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
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Which force keeps planets in orbit around the sun?

  • A Magnetic force
  • B Electrostatic force
  • C Gravitational force
  • D Nuclear force
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Correct Answer: Option C — Gravitational force
Explanation: Gravitational force is the attractive force between masses that keeps planets in orbit around the sun. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, this force depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
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What is polarisation of light?

  • A Splitting light into its spectrum
  • B Restriction of light vibrations to a single plane
  • C Bending of light around obstacles
  • D Total reflection of light
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Correct Answer: Option B — Restriction of light vibrations to a single plane
Explanation: Polarisation restricts the transverse vibrations of light to a single plane demonstrating that light is a transverse wave and is used in polaroid sunglasses and LCD screens.
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Which scientific instrument is used to measure the intensity of earthquakes?

  • A Seismograph
  • B Barometer
  • C Anemometer
  • D Hygrometer
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Correct Answer: Option A — Seismograph
Explanation: A seismograph detects and records the intensity, duration, and direction of ground vibrations caused by earthquakes. This data helps scientists determine the magnitude and epicenter of seismic events, aiding disaster preparedness and monitoring.
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Which scientist is credited with developing the special theory of relativity?

  • A Isaac Newton
  • B Albert Einstein
  • C Niels Bohr
  • D Max Planck
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Correct Answer: Option B — Albert Einstein
Explanation: Albert Einstein developed the special theory of relativity in 1905, fundamentally changing our understanding of space, time, and the relationship between mass and energy at speeds approaching light.
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The impulse of a force equals the change in:

  • A Momentum
  • B Displacement
  • C Kinetic energy
  • D Potential energy
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Correct Answer: Option A — Momentum
Explanation: Impulse is defined as the product of force and the time for which it acts, and by the impulse-momentum theorem, it is exactly equal to the resulting change in the momentum of a body.
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Which principle states that pressure in a static fluid increases with depth depending on fluid density?

  • A Bernoulli's Principle
  • B Archimedes' Principle
  • C Pascal's Principle
  • D Hydrostatic pressure principle
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Correct Answer: Option D — Hydrostatic pressure principle
Explanation: The hydrostatic pressure principle states that pressure in a static fluid increases linearly with depth depending on fluid density and gravitational acceleration expressed as P equals rho g h.
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Which instrument is used to detect and measure very small electric currents?

  • A Voltmeter
  • B Ohmmeter
  • C Ammeter
  • D Galvanometer
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Correct Answer: Option D — Galvanometer
Explanation: A galvanometer is a sensitive instrument used to detect and measure very small electric currents through the deflection of a needle in a magnetic field.
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What is the term for the change in frequency of a wave due to relative motion between source and observer?

  • A Doppler effect
  • B Reflection effect
  • C Interference effect
  • D Resonance effect
Permalink
Correct Answer: Option A — Doppler effect
Explanation: The Doppler effect describes the apparent change in frequency of a wave, such as sound or light, as perceived by an observer when the source and observer move relative to each other, either approaching or receding.
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