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Chemistry MCQs

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which acid is found naturally in vinegar?

A Acetic acid
B Sulfuric acid
C Hydrochloric acid
D Citric acid

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Correct Answer: Option A — Acetic acid

Explanation: Acetic acid also known as ethanoic acid is the organic acid found in vinegar at concentrations of 4 to 8 percent giving it its characteristic sour taste and pungent smell.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the atomic number of oxygen?

A 6
B 10
C 8
D 16

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Correct Answer: Option C — 8

Explanation: Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 meaning it has 8 protons in its nucleus and typically 8 electrons in its neutral form with an electronic configuration of 2,6.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

A Digestion of food
B Rusting of iron
C Burning of wood
D Melting of ice

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Correct Answer: Option D — Melting of ice

Explanation: Melting of ice is a physical change because it involves only a change in the state of matter from solid to liquid without altering its chemical composition. The water molecules remain chemically identical throughout the process.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the atomic number of carbon?

A 4
B 6
C 8
D 12

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Correct Answer: Option B — 6

Explanation: Carbon has an atomic number of 6 meaning it has 6 protons in its nucleus and 6 electrons in its neutral state making it the basis of all organic chemistry.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which indicator turns red in acidic solutions and blue in alkaline solutions?

A Litmus
B Universal indicator
C Phenolphthalein
D Methyl orange

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Correct Answer: Option A — Litmus

Explanation: Litmus is a natural pH indicator derived from lichens that turns red in acidic solutions with pH below 7 and blue in alkaline solutions with pH above 7.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the IUPAC name for the simplest hydrocarbon with formula CH4?

A Ethane
B Butane
C Propane
D Methane

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Correct Answer: Option D — Methane

Explanation: Methane CH4 is the simplest hydrocarbon and the first member of the alkane series where carbon atoms form single bonds and the molecule is saturated.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical name of NaOH?

A Sodium chloride
B Sodium carbonate
C Sodium bicarbonate
D Sodium hydroxide

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Correct Answer: Option D — Sodium hydroxide

Explanation: NaOH is sodium hydroxide also known as caustic soda a strong base used in soap making paper production and as a drain cleaner due to its highly alkaline properties.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the chemical formula for ozone, the molecule that forms the protective layer in the stratosphere?

A O
B O2
C O3
D O4

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Correct Answer: Option C — O3

Explanation: Ozone has the chemical formula O3 consisting of three oxygen atoms and forms the stratospheric ozone layer that absorbs harmful UV radiation protecting life on Earth.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the common name for sodium bicarbonate?

A Caustic soda
B Washing soda
C Baking soda
D Bleaching powder

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Correct Answer: Option C — Baking soda

Explanation: Sodium bicarbonate is commonly known as baking soda, used widely in cooking as a leavening agent. It reacts with acids to release carbon dioxide gas, which causes dough to rise during baking.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 05 Aug 2026

What is the IUPAC name for CH3-CH2-OH the simplest alcohol found in beverages?

A Methanol
B Propanol
C Butanol
D Ethanol

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Correct Answer: Option D — Ethanol

Explanation: Ethanol also written as C2H5OH is the simplest alcohol produced by fermentation of sugars and is found in alcoholic beverages used as a solvent and as a biofuel.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which test is used to detect the presence of starch using iodine solution?

A Benedict's test
B Biuret test
C Iodine test
D Flame test

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Correct Answer: Option C — Iodine test

Explanation: The iodine test detects starch by turning iodine solution from yellow-brown to blue-black in the presence of starch due to the triiodide ion fitting within the starch helix.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which element is a liquid at room temperature and is used in thermometers?

A Bromine
B Gallium
C Mercury
D Caesium

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Correct Answer: Option C — Mercury

Explanation: Mercury is a metal that remains liquid at room temperature with a melting point of minus 38.8 degrees Celsius and has been traditionally used in thermometers and barometers.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which acid is present in the human stomach to aid digestion?

A Sulfuric acid
B Nitric acid
C Acetic acid
D Hydrochloric acid

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Correct Answer: Option D — Hydrochloric acid

Explanation: Hydrochloric acid HCl is secreted by the stomach lining to aid protein digestion by activating pepsin and also kills most bacteria ingested with food.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

Which particle is found in the nucleus of an atom along with the neutron?

A Electron
B Photon
C Proton
D Ion

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Correct Answer: Option C — Proton

Explanation: Protons reside in the nucleus of an atom alongside neutrons, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The number of protons determines the atomic number and identity of an element on the periodic table.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the valency of carbon?

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Correct Answer: Option D — 4

Explanation: Carbon has a valency of 4, meaning it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms. This tetravalency allows carbon to create diverse and complex molecular structures, forming the basis of organic chemistry.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

What is the molecular formula of methane?

A CH2
B CH3
C CH4
D C2H6

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Correct Answer: Option C — CH4

Explanation: Methane has the molecular formula CH4, consisting of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. It is the simplest hydrocarbon and the primary component of natural gas used as a fuel source worldwide.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

What is the process by which plants use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose using sunlight?

A Respiration
B Transpiration
C Photosynthesis
D Decomposition

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Correct Answer: Option C — Photosynthesis

Explanation: Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen in the chloroplasts of plant cells following the equation 6CO2 plus 6H2O giving C6H12O6 plus 6O2.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 06 Aug 2026

What is the formula for table salt?

A NaCl
B KCl
C CaCl2
D MgCl2

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Correct Answer: Option A — NaCl

Explanation: Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, with the formula NaCl. It forms through an ionic bond between a sodium cation and a chloride anion, and is essential for various biological and industrial processes.

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Easy fpsc Uploaded: 07 Aug 2026

Which of the following elements belongs to Group 17 of the periodic table?

A Sulfur
B Phosphorus
C Oxygen
D Chlorine

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Correct Answer: Option D — Chlorine

Explanation: Chlorine belongs to Group 17, known as the halogens, characterized by having seven valence electrons. These elements are highly reactive nonmetals that readily gain one electron to form stable negative ions.

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Easy fpsc ppsc nts Uploaded: 14 Jul 2026

Which type of reaction involves an acid reacting with a base to form salt and water?

A Decomposition
B Redox
C Neutralisation
D Precipitation

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Correct Answer: Option C — Neutralisation

Explanation: Neutralisation is the reaction between an acid and a base producing salt and water for example hydrochloric acid reacting with sodium hydroxide to form sodium chloride and water.

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