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FPSC MCQs

Federal Public Service Commission — Complete MCQ Bank

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131
Biology Medium

What is the process by which cells engulf large particles by wrapping the cell membrane around them?

  • APhagocytosis
  • BOsmosis
  • CDiffusion
  • DPinocytosis
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Correct Answer: Option A — Phagocytosis
Explanation: Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where the cell membrane wraps around large solid particles such as bacteria and engulfs them forming a phagosome inside the cell.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
132
Biology Medium

Which molecule is the primary energy currency of cells?

  • AATP
  • BADP
  • CNAD
  • DNADP
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Correct Answer: Option A — ATP
Explanation: ATP or adenosine triphosphate is the primary energy currency of cells storing and providing energy for all cellular processes including metabolism movement and biosynthesis.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
133
Biology Medium

What is the term for two different alleles for a trait in an organism?

  • AHomozygous
  • BCodominant
  • CDominant
  • DHeterozygous
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Correct Answer: Option D — Heterozygous
Explanation: Heterozygous describes an organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene one dominant and one recessive with the dominant allele typically expressed in the phenotype.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
134
Biology Medium

What is the term for two identical alleles for a trait in an organism?

  • AHomozygous
  • BHeterozygous
  • CCarrier
  • DCodominant
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Correct Answer: Option A — Homozygous
Explanation: Homozygous describes an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular gene either both dominant or both recessive determining the trait expressed in the phenotype.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
135
Biology Medium

What is the term for an organism that carries a recessive allele but does not show the trait?

  • ADominant
  • BCarrier
  • CHomozygous
  • DHeterozygous
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Correct Answer: Option B — Carrier
Explanation: A carrier is an organism that is heterozygous for a recessive allele meaning it carries one dominant and one recessive allele and does not express the recessive trait but can pass it to offspring.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
136
Biology Hard

What is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic material through direct contact?

  • ATransformation
  • BTransduction
  • CConjugation
  • DReplication
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Correct Answer: Option C — Conjugation
Explanation: Conjugation is the process by which bacteria transfer genetic material including plasmids through direct physical contact via a structure called a pilus contributing to antibiotic resistance spread.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
137
Biology Medium

What is the term for a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism?

  • AMutation
  • BAdaptation
  • CVariation
  • DAllele
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Correct Answer: Option A — Mutation
Explanation: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism that can alter gene function and may be inherited by offspring potentially causing genetic disorders or driving evolution.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
138
Biology Medium

Which process converts mRNA information into a protein sequence at ribosomes?

  • ATranscription
  • BTranslation
  • CReplication
  • DTransduction
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Correct Answer: Option B — Translation
Explanation: Translation is the process by which ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the correct order to synthesise a specific protein using tRNA molecules.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
139
Biology Medium

Which process copies DNA information into mRNA in the nucleus?

  • ATranslation
  • BReplication
  • CTransduction
  • DTranscription
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Correct Answer: Option D — Transcription
Explanation: Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into mRNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase taking place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
140
Biology Medium

Which molecule carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis?

  • AmRNA
  • BtRNA
  • CrRNA
  • DsnRNA
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Correct Answer: Option A — mRNA
Explanation: Messenger RNA or mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where it serves as a template for protein synthesis through translation.
Submitted by: PaperMCQs
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