Which preservation technique uses controlled heating to kill harmful microorganisms in liquids like milk?

Which common food preservation method works by removing moisture to inhibit bacterial growth?

Which household water purification method uses ultraviolet light to kill bacteria and viruses?

Which gas makes up approximately 21 percent of Earth's atmosphere and is essential for respiration?

Which water purification process removes dissolved salts and impurities by forcing water through a semi-permeable membrane?

Which instrument is used to detect and measure the magnitude of earthquakes?

Which natural disaster is measured using the Richter scale?

Which instrument is used to measure wind speed?

Which scale is commonly used to measure the intensity of hurricanes and tropical cyclones?

Which instrument is used to measure humidity levels in the atmosphere?

Which scale is used to estimate wind speed based on observed sea or land conditions without instruments?