What is the term for Islamic belief and creed regarding fundamental articles of faith?

In which year did the Conquest of Makkah (Fath Makkah) take place?

What were the wars fought against apostate tribes during Abu Bakr's caliphate called?

Which festival marks the end of the month of Ramadan?

To which city did Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) travel seeking support after the Year of Sorrow?

Which Caliph's assassination led directly to civil unrest known as the First Fitna?

What is the seamless white clothing worn by male pilgrims during Hajj called?

What is the term for Islamic jurisprudence, encompassing the practical application of Shariah?

What is the compensation paid by those permanently unable to fast, such as the elderly, called?

What is an innovation in religious matters not found in the Quran or Sunnah called?

What is the call to prayer known as in Islam?